130 THE ANTERIOR CRANIAL NERVES 



The mandibularis (man.)^ arises from the dorsal side 

 of the anterior end of the Gasserian gaiiglion and nins out- 

 ward, upward and forward. Then it turns in a gradual 

 curve backward and in a sharp curve downward through 

 the masseter and temporal muscles iintil it reaches the an- 

 gle of the lower jaw, along the outer side of which it 

 runs forward. Just outside of the Gasserian ganglion 

 the mandibularis gives rise to a brauch (mas.) which in- 

 nervates the masseter and temporal muscles. Soon after 

 entering the lower jaw it divides inlo the mandibularis 

 proper and the mentalis which have their usual distribu- 

 tion. The mentalis has at first a more outward course, 

 but later passes inward under the mandibularis to be dis- 

 tributed to the outer skin of the lower jaw. The mandib- 

 ularis follows along the outer side of the mandible until 

 it almost reaches the Symphysis menti, to the integument 

 of which region it is distributed. The only feature es- 

 pecially worthy of notice is that this nerve arises directly 

 from the ganglion, not as a branch of the maxillaris supe- 

 rior. 



The frontalis^ (/.) arises beside the mandibularis, in 

 juxtaposition with which it runs at first and preserves a 

 slightly dorsal and lateral direction forward, passing over 

 the masseter and temporal muscles to reach the orbit. 

 Here it is deflected downward and inward around the eye- 

 ball. Then it ascends again upon the anterior side of the 

 orbit and branches outward to innervate the skin of the 

 check and the side of the upper jaw. This distribution 

 differs from that in the common frog, where the frontalis 

 sends branches to the lining of the nasal capsnle, thiis 

 making terminal connection with fibres of the olfactory, 



iMandibularis, Von Plessin and Rabinowicz=Maxillari8 inferior, Fi8cher=Lower 

 jaw branch, Wyman. 



^Frontalis, Von Plessin and Rab)nowicz=Nasali8, Fischer=Ophthalraic, Wy 

 man. 



