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Agardk Dale were certainly at 

 a lower level than this ; hence 

 the shell-fragments occur at 

 least 200 feet above any raised 

 beach in the immediate neigh- 

 bourhood. If the case rested 

 on shell-fragments alone, the 

 negative evidence would per- 

 haps be inconclusive ^ ; but 

 the bulk of the moraine and 

 the intraglacial material con- 

 sists of waterworn pebbles 

 and similar beach-material; 

 among it we found, more- 

 over, fragments of whale- 

 bones and driftwood. Eaised 

 beaches on the flanks of a 

 valley would not have yielded 

 sufficient material : the quan- 

 tit}^ is so enormous that it can 

 have come onlj' from some 

 thick deposit, such as that 

 formed in an up-silted bay. 

 We could see no sign of 

 any high-level beach-deposits 

 whence the material could have 

 been derived. 



Considering, therefore, that 

 the glacier certainly passes over 

 beach-material, which it can 

 be almost seen to enclose and 

 elevate, we have no hesitation 

 in attributing the present ele- 

 vation of the shells to uplift 

 by the glacier rather than to 

 derivation from hypothetical 

 deposits, the existence of which 

 at the height required is im- 

 probable. 



The upward flow of layers of 

 glacier-ice was, however, proved 

 in another way. Fig. 4 is a 

 diagrammatic sketch of part 

 of the eastern side of Booming 

 Glacier, about ^ mile from its 

 lower end. A seam of ice- 

 breccia is seen to run obliquely 

 across the section from top to 

 bottom. If the glacier were 

 flowing like an ordinary stream 

 in an unobstructed channel, 



^ Seagulls, for instance, carry shells to their nests, 

 rence of shells at high levels may be thus explained. 



Some cases of the occur- 



