Vol. 54.] AND THE CORALLINE CRAG. ' 355 



in beds referred by Prestwich to the same zone in widely separated 

 areas of the Crag district. On broader lines it was noted that the 

 foraminifera bring into prominence the Italian Pliocene character of 

 the St. Erth Beds, as emphasized in the ' occurrences ' appended to 

 the descriptions of the Crag foraminifera. 



Mr. P. E. Kendall observed that there were three classes of 

 evidence which had been adduced in support of the zonal division of 

 the Coralline Crag, — stratigraphical, lithological, and palseontological. 

 Mr. Harmer had shown by his borings that the first of these gave 

 results contradictory of Prestwich's views, for beds which had been 

 included in the same zone were found to lie on different horizons. 

 The lithological test seemed equally to fail ; the Gomer beds agreed 

 lithologically with a different zone from that to which they had 

 been referred. The speaker had been unable to recognize any 

 clear palseontological distinctions between the several zones. The 

 bands of large shells at Aldeburgh, Gomer, and Ramsholt yielded a 

 fauna having the same general characteristics, though one was 

 nearly at the top of the Coralline Crag, another near the middle, and 

 the third at the base. 



Prof.SEELEr stated that when, in earlier times, the Crag phosphate- 

 pits were opened over a wide area, he had no difficulty in recog- 

 nizing two divisions of the Coralline Crag at E-amsholt and Sutton 

 as well defined by mineral character; but there was certainly 

 change, both in stratigraphy and in fossils, as the beds were followed 

 to the north. It might be that the multitude of pits around Rams- 

 holt had made that part of the Coralline Crag best known, and led 

 to the inference that that Crag was older, from its larger fauna. 

 He had seen no facts of superposition to support that view. The 

 fossils varied from place to place, much as the existing life varied 

 when followed along the same coast. He was inclined, when new 

 sources were suggested for the * boxstones,' to ask whether it was 

 certain that they were in all cases derivative. The rolled condition 

 might be consistent with hardening of the sand around fossils by 

 infiltration of mineral matter. A large percentage of the stones 

 contained fossils which might add a few species to the true fauna 

 of the Crag. 



Mr. A. E. Salter, the Eev. J. E. Blake, and Prof. W. W. Watts 

 also spoke. 



The Author thanked the Eellows for their patient attention, and 

 in reply to Mr. Reid he pointed out that, although the evidence was 

 incomplete, so far as it went it was decidedly in favour of his con- 

 tention that the Lenham Beds were older, perhaps considerably so, 

 than the Coralline Crag. The species occurring at Lenham, but 

 not in the Coralline Crag, were generally of an older, and none of 

 them of a newer type. The theory that the Lenham Beds were 

 older was stratigraphically in accordance with the facts to be 

 observed both in England and Belgium, as more fully set forth in 

 his paper. [See also the footnote in brackets, p. 310.] 



To Mr. Burrows he replied that he had been trying for many 

 years to find some proof from the moUusca of the existence of the 



