Vol. 54.] GEAVELS IN" BEEKSHIRE AND OXFOEDSHIEE. 595 



this gravel clearly indicate ice-action, we have in that alone an 

 agent sufficient to account for the changes that have taken place. 



It may be useful to note the height above sea-level reached by 

 this gravel at various points in or near the Thames Valley, with 

 the approximate height above the present river-level : — 



Above Above 



sea-level. river-level. 



Feet. Feet. 



Batsford, near Moreton 612 220 



Leafield (Oxon) 550 300 



Streatley Hill 544 400 



Upper Basildon Kiln 460 330 



Tilehnrst 341 220 



Eose Hill, Caversham 308 187 



At Batsford the only evidence of the former existence of this 

 gravel is the surface of a field ; this, therefore, must be taken with 

 some reserve. In the admirable map accompanying Mr. W. C. Lucy's 

 paper (oj9. jam cit.) ' Northern ' gravel is shown as occurring at Stow- 

 on-the-Wold and Chipping ]!^orton at 750 feet above sea-level. At the 

 last-named locality, however, I failed to discover any sign of such 

 gravel ; and at Stow-on-the-Wold I observed only a few pebbles lying 

 on the surface under conditions which suggested that they might have 

 been introduced by human agency. 



Taking, however, the level at Batsford as a probable one for this 

 gravel, it will be seen that, assuming that there has been no depres- 

 sion since its deposition, the fall of the present river is much greater 

 than was that of the old waterway, which may, if of freshwater 

 origin, have been a chain of lakes. 



VI. The Eelation of the Quaetzite-geavel to Geavels 

 or Local Oeigin. 



In the neighbourhood of Goring and Pangbourne the Quartzite- 

 gravel is closely associated with deposits of a wholly different 

 character and origin. 



On the western slopes of the Chilterns there is a spread of gravel 

 consisting almost wholly of flint, and mostly angular or subangular, 

 which ranges from Little Stoke and Ipsden in a northerly direction 

 to the neighbourhood of Watlington, as shown in the accompanying 

 sketch-map (PI. XXVIII). It occupies a plateau at a height of 

 about 350 feet above sea-level, and about 200 feet above the river 

 Thames, in places forming a deposit 10 or 14 feet thick. It is 

 worked for road-material north and south of Ewelme, and at Turner's 

 Court, near Waliiugford. 



At the latter place the excavation is carried down to a reddish, 

 coarse, sandy loam. At one point, however, the bottom was seen 

 to consist of a fine rubble of flint and chalk. The gravel is of 

 flint, with the exception of a few fragments of sarsen- or ironstone. 



