Vol. 5 4. J GEOLOGY OF PRANZ JOSEF LAND. 623 



At first sight, all the rocks below the basalt appear to be hidden 

 by the talus ; but after the summer thaw a careful search reveals 

 several spots where the underlying strata can be examined in place. 

 A consignment of rocks and fossils from these and a few other 

 localities, sent home in 1896, formed the basis of the paper by 

 Messrs. Newton & Teall,^ while a second series of specimens is 

 the subject of further notes by these gentlemen at p. 646 of the 

 present volume. 



The north-and-south valley which separates Cape Flora from the 

 high land to the east is about 1 mile long and 500 yards wide, 

 with a general surface about 100 feet above the sea. Some parts, 

 however, rise to greater elevations. The floor is covered over with 

 rounded, waterworn, subangular and angular stones and boulders, 

 together with a dark tenacious mud. Some parts are always covered 

 with snow and ice. Near the southern end of this valley there is a 

 projecting shoulder of rock, some 370 or more feet above the sea, 

 from which Ammonites Ishmce and other fossils were obtained. The 

 bed of rock which yielded these fossils is about 80 feet thick. 



East of Windy Gully is another mass of high ground (Gully 

 Hocks), somewhat similar in general configuration to Cape Flora. 

 It is triangular in form, with the acute angle pointing in a south- 

 south-westerly direction. Five or six ranges of basaltic cliffs one 

 above the other meet to form the angle. The ice-cap reaches a 

 height of 949 feet, and from this the surface slopes towards the 

 north at a gentle angle to Giinther Bay, where it ends in an ice- 

 face about 50 or 60 feet high. 



Still farther east is another depression or valley separating Gully 

 Rocks from Cape Gertrude. This is mainly occupied by a fan- 

 shaped glacier or ice-slope (see fig. 2, p. 624), along the surface 

 of which, at a height of about 350 feet, there is seen a horizontal 

 dimple. Traces of raised beach are uncovered below this line in 

 summer, thus leaving no doubt as to its meaning. Other portions 

 of this valley are formed of wet, muddy ground, with remains 

 of many recent marine mollusca apparently in the position in 

 which they lived, thus showing how recently elevation has taken 

 place. 



The general aspect of the southern coast of Northbrook Island 

 east of the point which we have now reached is represented in 

 figs. 3 & 4 (p. 626). The high land of Cape Gertrude is also 

 roughly triangular in form and is capped by a dome of ice and 

 snow which rises to a height of 1300 feet. It is separated from the 

 rest of Northbrook Island by a wide depression occupied by a fan- 

 shaped ice-slope similar to that represented in fig. 2 (p. 624), but 

 of larger dimensions. Small points of rock protrude through the ice 

 on the summit of the dome during the summer. The main cliff 

 itself is formed of one tier of basalt, which is here markedly 

 columnar and therefore different from the basalt of Cape Flora, 



1 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. liii (1897) pp. 477-518, 



