Vol. 54.] GEOLOGY OF FRANZ JOSEF LAND. 631 



At the southern end is a conspicuous rock made up of seven 

 tiers of basalt and rising to a height of 938 feet. Around this 

 'bell-shaped' mass may be seen a fine series of raised-beach terraces, 

 up to 300 and 400 feet above sea-level. The talus hides the stratified 

 rocks which undoubtedly exist beneath the basalt. 



Bruce, Mabel, and Bell Islands are separated from Alexandra 

 Land by Nightingale Sound. We have now to cross this 

 sound and examine the rocks exposed at several points along 

 the eastern, southern, and south-western shores of Alexandra 

 Land. 



Cape Forbes 



is a bold mass of rock (630 feet high) separated into two portions 

 by a small ice-slope. It is made up of several tiers of a basalt 

 which has a rounded waterworn appearance, reminding one of 

 ranges of cylindrical chimney-pots of remarkable regularit}^ The 

 surface of the plateau is covered with soil, as well as with angular 

 fragments of rock and rounded pebbles of basalt. The usual talus 

 and raised beaches occur here at the 25, 50, and 80-foot levels. 

 Basalt and some fragments of chert were the only rocks found 

 here. 



Cape Stephen 



is a fine headland about 8 miles south-south-west of Cape 

 Porbes, from which it is separated by Baxter Bay. There 

 is about 1 mile of exposed rock on its eastern side, made up 

 of six tiers of basalt showing but little columnar structure. The 

 summit is 792 feet high, and the talus reaches about halfway up. 

 The oO-foot beach is well marked, and I found a portion of a 

 reindeer's antler sticking out of it.^ I also traced a bed of 

 sandstone containing plant-remains for at least ^ mile. The dip 

 of the bed was 2° or 3° N.N.E. or N. — the same as that of the 

 tiers of basalt above. A loose slab of a hard shaly rock con- 

 taining plant-remains was found upon the talus. 



Proceeding westward we now come to Josephine Peary 

 Bay. The head of this bay is terminated by an ice-face, but 

 several basaltic nunataks protrude through the ice behind. 



Cooke's Rocks (^^'Tween Rocks '') 



are directly west of Cape Stephen and about 5 miles distant, 

 on the opposite side of the entrance to Josephine Peary Bay. 

 They show the usual terraces of basalt, some of which exhibit 

 columnar structure in a very perfect manner. A talus is present, 

 and below it only one well-marked beach (50 feet above sea-level), 

 on which was a large trunk of driftwood, about 20 feet long and 



^ [Two more specimens of reindeer-antlers were found by Mr. Bruce and 

 myself, one at Windy Gully, the other on the 50-foot beach, Cape Flora ; and 

 Mr. Leigh Smith mentions the finding of a fourth.] 



