636 DK. E. K(ETTLITZ ON THE [N"0V. 1 898, 



some hundred yards inland, where the talus from the higher rocks 

 descends upon it. 



I cannot help thinking that, notwithstanding the general regu- 

 larity of the strata, which everywhere dip slightly northward, there 

 has been much faulting and local change of level. 



Siliceous rocks of various kinds occur abundantly in association 

 with the basalt. Quartz, agate, and chalcedony are frequently 

 found filling up cavities and fissures in the rock. Cherty and fiinty 

 m.asses are of constant occurrence, but have not so far been found in 

 situ ; they occur in larger or smaller masses, sometimes banded, 

 brown and opaque, or it may be in lustrous black or translucent 

 yellow and brown fragments. These are abundant everywhere, but 

 especially so upon the bare plateaux on the summits of the high 

 capes, and not infrequently they are found crowded together in one 

 spot, where they appear to have been washed out of the underlying 

 rock. 



Silicified wood is very plentiful, and has been found embedded in 

 the lower part of the basalt. 



Messrs. Newton & Teall have shown that the flinty masses almost 

 invariably contain plant-remains ; and they have also mentioned the 

 probability of geyser-action (following upon the volcanic outbursts) 

 being responsible for the large amount of siliceous rock and for the 

 silicification of the vegetable matter (see p. 647). 



III. The Jueassic Eocks. 



Messrs. jS'ewton & Teall in their earlier paper, written while I 

 was still in Franz Josef Land, used their habitual caution when 

 speaking of the origin of certain specimens, and spoke of them as 

 'said to be in situ,' 'believed to be in situ'; the doubt this im- 

 plied need no longer exist ; the specimens were all collected by 

 me, and I had satisfied myself that, in all these cases, they were in 

 place. A discrepancy between the section at Cape Gertrude 

 (fig. 4 of their earlier paper) and the text on p. 503 of that paper 

 is corrected by them in their second paper (p. 646 of this volume) ; 

 but I may say that the great series of strata seen at that locality 

 is lower down than is there stated, and besides this there is an 

 exposure of sandy strata containing thin beds of lignite at the same 

 place between 20 and 80 feet above sea-level. 



The height of the rocks seen between Cape Grant and Cape 

 Stephen, and now named Cooke's Rocks, should be stated as 

 740 to 800 feet, instead of 700 feet, and the seam of coal there 

 found is 300 feet above sea-level. 



The cliffs at Cape Gertrude reach a height of over 1100 feet. 

 It is very probable that the base of the basalt at Cape Gertrude 

 is hidden by the talus ; and it is likely that the wood which was 

 found in situ in the basalt was not reaUy, as supposed, at the base, 

 but may have been at the second or third tier. 



