Vol. 54. J GEOLOGY OE FEANZ JOSEF LAND. 637 



Stratified rocks have been found in place at Capes jS"eale, Grant, and 

 Stephen, also at Cooke's Rocks, Cape Flora, Cape Gertrude, and at 

 Windy Gully. Evidence of their presence has been obtained at Cape 

 Mary Harms worth, Bell Island, Mabel Island, and Bruce Island, 

 but not in place. 



At Cape Neale a soft, yellow, coarse sandstone occurs in a 

 watercourse on the talus ; 30 to 40 feet of this rock was seen, its 

 dip being 1|° to 2° in a north-east to northerly direction. A similar 

 exposure of sandstone was seen by Mr. Harry Pisher near the sea- 

 level at Cape Grant. 



A coarse, hard, calcareous sandstone with abundant plant-remains 

 was met with near the sea-level at Cooke's Rocks. These are the 

 beds which Mr. Newton thought might prove to be of Permian age, 

 as the plants bear a striking resemblance to forms which have been 

 regarded as belonging to that period. North-east of this locality, at 

 a distance of 300 yards, and at about the same level above the sea, a 

 highly bituminous paper-shale was found, containing small fragments 

 of plants and fish-scales. South-west of the sandstone-exposure, at 

 a height of about 300 feet, there is a series of sandy beds and shales 

 of many varying shades of colour, at the base of which is a coal-seam 

 at least 2 feet thick, but neither its exact thickness nor its extent 

 could be traced. All these beds dip 1^° to 3° N.N.E. 



The sandstone plant-bed was again seen at Cape Stephen, where 

 it was some 30 feet above the sea and could be traced for more than 

 I mile along the bank of a raised beach. That fossiliferous beds occur 

 high up in the rocks at this locality is proved by the finding of the 

 slab of silicified plant-remains 300 feet up the talus. ^ 



The sedimentary strata of Cape Flora are about 600 feet thick, 

 and extend from the sea-level to the base of the basalt ; they consist 

 for the most part of soft shales, sands, and sandstones. Layers of 

 hard, grey, ferruginous mudstone-nodules occur in the shales, and 

 sometimes form bands as much as 2 feet thick. The sands frequently 

 contain pebbles of quartz, quartzite, and other rocks, and are 

 occasionally interstratified with thin beds of lignite. The shales 

 aud sands vary in colour through shades of yellow, bufi", brown, 

 blue, and black, and the sands sometimes show false bedding. 

 The lowest strata seen contained the large Avicula and Belemnites, 

 and were traced for some distance both eastward and westward from 

 Elmwood. They extended from the sea-level to a height of perhaps 

 50 feet. In some parts these beds are composed of sand and pebbles, 

 but the fossils occur in shaly clay-beds. 



Directly behind the settlement of Elmwood and within about 

 50 feet of the basalt, clay-beds with mudstone-bands are exposed, 

 and at this spot I found in place the small ammonite which 

 Mr. Newton thinks is in all probability Ammonites Tchefkini. Many 

 of the mudstone-blocks had fallen into a watercourse which cuts 

 through the strata, and from these other examples of the same 



1 See Quart. Journ. G-eol. Soc. vol. liii (1897) p. 506. 



