638 DE. E. KCETTLITZ ON THE [NoV. 1 898, 



ammoiiite were obtained, together with Ammonites macroceplialus 

 and A. modiolaris. It was about | mile west of this point, and 

 50 feet higher in the cliff — that is, at the base of the basalt — that 

 the piece of Ammonites Lamherti (see p. 635) was found embedded 

 in the decomposed basalt. 



The plant-bed which yielded the specimens submitted to Dr. 

 Nathorst was discovered on the northern side of Cape Flora, over- 

 ling a mass of basalt which projected through the ice at a height of 

 some 750 feet. Similar plant-remains have since been found in situ 

 in the cliffs above Wind}^ Gully, and the bed was traced for some 

 distance between the second and third tiers of basalt ; this seems to 

 show that the plant-bed extends over the whole of Cape Flora at this 

 horizon. 



The shoulder of rock which projects from the cliff at Windy 

 Gully slopes from a height of 370 to 450 feet above the sea. It 

 was on this shoulder that the specimens of Ammonites Ishmce were 

 found, and, although some of them lay strewn upon the surface of 

 the ground, there is no doubt as to their having been weathered out 

 from the stratum upon which they rested : this is about 80 feet in 

 thickness. 



At Cape Gertrude, which is scarcely 4 miles to the eastward, 

 the strata differ markedly from those at Cape Flora. The only- 

 organic remains found were fossil wood and lignite, except that 

 among the pebbles from one of the beds a nodule of radiolarian 

 chert was obtained, and this is of interest as showing the possible 

 origin of the specimen found frozen to an iceberg.^ 



lY. The Raised Beaches. 



The frequent occurrence of raised beaches around the shores of 

 Franz Josef Land was alluded to by Messrs Newton & TeaU ; 

 these evidences of upheaval of the country in comparatively 

 modern times are a marked feature of the whole of the southern 

 part of the Archipelago, and are known to occur in the more 

 northerly parts also. Most of the raised beaches are between 

 the sea-level and 80 or 100 feet above it ; but in some places 

 they may be traced as terraces to as much as over 400 feet 

 above the sea. Indeed many rounded pebbles which were found on 

 the summits of Cape Forbes, Cape Flora, and Cape Gertrude seem to 

 me an indication of former beaches even at those elevations ; being, 

 however, more ancient than those nearer the sea-level much of their 

 character has necessarily been destroyed by denudation. Drift-wood 

 and bones of whales are not uncommon at the lower levels, and 

 have been met with as much as 90 or 100 feet above the sea. The 

 bones of seals and walrus have been found at much greater eleva- 

 tions (between 300 and 400 feet), and although they may have been 

 carried up by bears, I hardly think so, for I know of no evidence that 



1 See Quart. Joum. Gaol. Soc. vol. liii (1897) p. 511. 



