Ixxxiv PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [May 1 898, 



Sections of Drift are constantly found on each side of the Tale of 

 Clwyd at heights of from 500 to 600 feet, and scattered boulders at 

 much greater elevations. Most of the latter at the higher horizons 

 have been derived from the Snowdonand Arenig groups of mountains, 

 but northern erratics are abundant in the drift at from 500 to 600 

 feet above sea-level, especially in some areas on the east side of this 

 valley. 



!Pfviinoii Beuno Cave. 



The results of researches carried on in the Efynnon Beuno and 

 Cae Gwyn Caves were communicated by me to this Society in the 

 years 1886 and 1888. The deposits in the Ffynnon Beuno Cave 

 varied somewhat at diiferent points, mainly the result of disturb- 

 ance since occupation. In a few places, however, a stalagmite-floor 

 was found, and under this an undisturbed cave-earth containing 

 bones of extinct mammalia and some Palaeolithic implements. 

 Overlying the stalagmite-floor was a sandy gravel-and-clay, with 

 blocks of limestone, etc. 



In other parts of the cavern, especially in some inner tunnels, 

 the whole of the material had been more violently disturbed by 

 water-action, and a general commingling of the materials had taken 

 place. It was quite clear that the cavern had been occupied for 

 some time as a hysena-den, for the bones had been freely gnawed, 

 remains of hyaenas, old and young, were very abundant, and 

 coprolites of the latter were also frequently found. The implements 

 of Palaeolithic man in the undisturbed parts of the cavern occurred 

 in such intimate relationship with the bones of the extinct mam- 

 malia, that it was perfectly clear that they must have lived contem- 

 poraneously. In one place a flint-implement was discovered under 

 the stalagmite-breccia in close proximity to a large portion of a jaw 

 with teeth of Rhinoceros tichorhinus, and large fragments of limb- 

 bones of mammoth. 



The deposit overlying the stalagmite-floor, excepting near the 

 entrance, where it had been recently removed, consisted of sandy 

 clay with fragments of limestone, shale, etc. The inner tunnels 

 were completely filled up, and there were evidences here of rather 

 violent water- action. The water must have acted from the entrance 

 inward, as fragments of the broken floor and numerous bones were 

 found in the innermost recesses — many bones of large size being in 

 contact with the roof, and others forced into small fissures. They 

 were mixed up with pebbles, gravel, sand, clay, etc., most of which 



