IxXXViii PROCEEDIXGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [May 1 898, 



quite possible that the other entrance was little more than a fissure 

 until the portion beyond the opening had been removed by quarrying 

 operations. On June 28th, 1886, in the presence of llr. G. H. 

 IVTorton, F.G.S., of Liverpool, and the writer, a small but well- 

 worked flint-flake was dug up from the bone-earth on the south 

 side of the entrance. Its position was about 18 inches below the 

 lowest bed of sand. Several teeth of hyaena and reindeer, as 

 well as fragments of bone, were also found at the same place, 

 and at other points in the shaft teeth of rhinoceros and a fragment 

 of a mammoth's tooth. One rhinoceros-tooth was found at the 

 extreme point examined, about 6 feet beyond and directly in front 

 of the entrance. 



A full account of the later researches in the Cae Gwyn Cave was 

 given in my paper read before the Society in 1888, and I have nothing 

 to add to what is given there. I have, however, visited the cavern 

 since then, and will only repeat that the facts as there given and 

 testified to by so many experienced geologists who visited the cave 

 and the sections during the explorations are, to my mind, quite 

 unassailable. Eemains of the following animals, determined by 

 Mr. W. Davies, of the British Museum, were found in the Ffynnon 

 Beuno or Cae Gwyn Caves, namely : — Lion, wild cat, spotted 

 hysena, wolf, fox, bear, badger, wild boar, great Irish deer, red 

 deer, roebuck, reindeer, horse, woolly rhinoceros, and mammoth. 



The following account, taken from ' The Geology of the Country 

 around Liverpool,' ed. 1897, by Mr. G. H. Morton, P.G.S., of his visit 

 to the explorations, is specially important from the wide and long- 

 continued experience of the Author among the Glacial deposits of 

 the district and adjoining areas. He was also present, as already 

 stated, when the flint-flake was found outside the cavern under 

 the undisturbed Drift in June 1886. At p. 184 he says : — 

 ' In June 1887, during the progress of an excavation in front of 

 the original [covered] entrance to Cae Gwyn Cave, I stayed in the 

 neighbourhood for 11 days, besides visiting it on other occasions 

 before and since, so that I had ample opportunity of constantly 

 observing the Boulder Clay, as well as the sand and gravel 

 and other beds beneath it. In the Geological Magazine, dec. iii, 

 vol. iii, p. 569, a woodcut showing the section exposed may be 

 referred to by those interested in the subject. It was measured by 

 Dr. Hicks and Mr. C. E. De Eance, F.G.S., when a shaft from the 

 surface down to the entrance of the cave was first sunk in June 

 1886. In June and October 1887 a much larger excavation was 



