Vol. 54.] ANNIVERSAEY ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT. Ixxxix 



made (about 20 feet long by 10 feet broad, and nearly 20 feet 

 deep), so tbat the section was more easily seen, but the beds were 

 found of much the same character, the only difference being a slight 

 variation in the persistence and thickness of some of the thin seams 

 of sand interstratified with the Boulder Clay, and the following is 

 the detailed succession : — 



' Boulder Clay, 6 feet, overlapping the limestone about the 

 entrance to the cave, and with many species of shells near the base. 



^ Sand and gravel, 8 feet, ending against the limestone and filling 

 the upper part of the cave. 



' Laminated clay, 6 feet, underlying the sand and gravel, and 

 penetrating the whole extent of the cave. 



' Bone-earth, 1 foot 6 inches, with fragments of stalagmite, 

 mammalian bones, teeth, and a flint-flake, clearly underlying the 

 laminated clay, over an area of several square yards outside the 

 entrance, and the whole floor inside of the cave. 



' The bone-earth had evidently been disturbed, and a stalagmitic 

 floor broken up, and the fragments, often large blocks, mixed up in 

 it. The laminated clay had evidently been tranquilly deposited 

 over it. The sand and gravel were over the laminated clay, but 

 current -bedded, as such so-called " Middle sands " often are. 

 Finally, the Boulder Clay occurred over the sand and gravel, without 

 any evidences of disturbance, or re-arrangement of any kind. The 

 top of the Boulder Clay, as shown in the woodcut referred to, 

 formed the surface of a nearly level field, there being no higher 

 ground near from which debris could have been derived, and there 

 is no reason for supposing that the surface over the cave was ever 

 deeply covered with clay. The entrance to the cave is in a buried 

 limestone-cliff, from which the Boulder Clay dips, but so gradually 

 that nothing of the nature of a talus was suggested, especially 

 considering the rapid fall of the ground in the same direction. The 

 Boulder Clay resembled undisturbed clay as seen anywhere in the 

 Yale of Clwyd, Cheshire, or Lancashire, while the erratics it 

 contained were very similar.' 



Ty Newydd Caves. 



The results of the researches carried on during the past year in 

 these caves, recently communicated to the Society by the Rev. G. C. 

 H. Pollen, are of great interest, and show conclusively that they were 

 either occupied by some of the so-called earlv Pleistocene animals, 



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