Yol. 54.] AI^^NIVERSAEY ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT. Xcili 



shells of the Drift in the cave overlying the detritus that held the 

 bones of elephants and other mammalia.' 



In his paper on the Cefn and Pont-J^ewydd Cave-deposits/ 

 Mr. D. Mackintosh, in speaking of the clay in the cavern, says, 

 ' This deposit (which contains bones of a number of the usual cave- 

 raammalia) is horizontally continuous with the Upper Boulder Clay 

 of the district.' He further says, ' I have been familiar with this 

 clay in Cheshire and Flintshire for 4 years, and liave therefore 

 little hesitation in asserting that traces of it, in an unmodified 

 state, may be found at the entrances of both the Pont-Kewydd and 

 Cefn Caves — that in the interior of the Cefn Cave, for a considerable 

 distance from the entrance, there are indications of this clay having 

 once filled the cave nearly, if not quite, to the roof — that in the 

 interior of the Pont-l!^ewydd Cave it maintains its unmodified 

 character for a considerable distance from the entrance — and that 

 in no part of these two caves has this clay been modified further 

 than what may have resulted from the dropping of calcareous 

 matter, from the temporary ponding-back of water in the recesses 

 or hollows, or from accumulation within the caves under conditions 

 which may have dift'ered from those without. The angular limestone- 

 fragments may have fallen from the roof or sides of the caves during 

 the period of accumulation ; or previously fallen fragments, along 

 with the bones of animals, may have been washed up into the clay by 

 the waves of the Upper Boulder Clay sea.' At p. 93, Mr. Mackintosh 

 says he cannot believe that in the Pont-Newydd Cave the deposit 

 was washed in through a swallow-hole from the Boulder Clay of 

 the neighbourhood. 



Coygan Cave, Caermar then shire. 



This cavern, which was partially explored by Mr. J. Eomilly Allen 

 and myself in the year 1866, has proved to be of unusual interest, 

 from the clear confirmatory evidence which it has afforded of the 

 contemporaneity of Palaeolithic man with an early Pleistocene fauna. ^ 

 Fortunately this cavern up to that time had not been in any way 

 disturbed, nor was there any evidence to show that it had been 

 occupied at any time by Neolithic man, as had been the case with 

 many of the other ossiferous caverns found in South Wales, on the 



^ Quart. Journ. Geol. See. vol. xxxii (1876) p. 92. 



^ Similar evidence had been obtained by Prof. Boyd Dawkins from Wookey 

 Hole in Somerset, and from Kent's Hole, Torquay, by Mr. MacEnery, Mr. W. 

 Pengelly, and others. 



