Xlvi PEOCEDDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOOIETT. 



Ehrenberg, on the other hand, believed that they had lived at those 

 depths. 



Similar results were obtained on a line of still deeper soundings, 

 extending to 14,400 ft., made in 1857 by Capt. Dayman ; and Prof. 

 Huxley, who reported on them, concluded that in aU probability 

 the Globigerince did live at those depths. 



In 1860 Dr. "WaUich* carried out an important series of deep-sea 

 researches in connexion with the soundings made on board H.M.S". 

 ' Bulldog,' and obtained some very interesting results. He not only 

 confirmed the prevalence of a Glohigerina-vaxLd in the great depths of 

 the Atlantic, but also gave much evidence in favour of the Globigerina 

 living at those depths. Dr. WaUich also brought up two living 

 Crustacea from a depth of 2670 ft., and living Serpulce, Spirorbes, 

 and Polyzoa from a depth of 4080 ft. His most remarkable dis- 

 covery, however, was that of living starfishes at a depth of 7560 ft. ' 

 Dr. "WaUich's researches mark another epoch in the history of deep- 

 sea explorations. 



The following year further discoveries were made in the Medi- 

 terranean, between Sardinia and ^ilgiers t> It having become 

 necessary to raise the French telegraph cable after it had been sub- 

 merged five years, it was found that at places various Mollusca, 

 Corals, and Bryozoa had grown upon it. Portions of the cable, 

 stated to have been raised from depths of from 6500 to 9000 ft., 

 were submitted to M. Milne-Edwards, who determined the following 

 species, to which I have added their geological range : — 



Ostrea cochlear. Coralline Crag. Caryophyllia arcuata. 



Pecten opercularis. Coralline and electrica, sp. n. 



Eed Crag. Thalassiotrochus telegraphicus, sp. n. 



Testffi. 1 . Salicornaria farciminoides. 



Monodonta limbata. I Serpula. 



Fusus lamellosus. J ^' Gorgonia. 



The Swedish expedition to Spitzbergen in the same year (1861) 

 also determined the presence, at a depth of 8400 ft., of various 

 Mollusca, Crustacea, and Hydrozoa. 



Between 1860 and 1868 a series of most valuable researches 

 was carried on ofl^ the coast of Upper Norway by the late Professor 

 Sars and his son, at depths of from 1800 to 2700 feet; At the former 

 depth they found an abundant fauna ; at the latter the collections 



* 'Notes on the Presence of Animal Life at Vast Depths in the Sea,' 

 1860, and ' On the North Atlantic Sea-bed,' 1862. 

 t Ann. des Sciences Nat. 4" s6r. vol. xv. p. 3. 



