132 PKOCKEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



other parts of the Lowest or "White Crag of Suffolk, as far as our col- 

 lections serve, we have got a somewhat similar fauna, not only 

 greatly reduced in number of individuals and variety of form, but 

 composed of dwarfs in contrast with those of Sutton, except in 

 the case of some of those that inhabit shallow water, as Rotalia 

 Beccarii and PolystomeUa crispa, and even these are but feeble. 

 Hence we may suppose that the Foraminiferal deposit at Sutton 

 was formed either in deeper or in warmer water than other por- 

 tions of the Crag were. Some of our sources of these less luxuriant 

 growths are specimens of Crag fuU of Cyprina and Cardita ; and as 

 the former shells live in the British seas at from 5 to 80 fathoms, a 

 depth similar to that affected by the Atlantic and Mediterranean 

 groups of Foraminifera above alluded to, we must suppose that some 

 deteriorating influence, either cold currents, floating ice, or cold cli- 

 mate, was at work locally, at least, in the Crag, excepting possibly 

 the Sutton area." 



Fish-remains. — A sea like that of the Coralline Crag doubtless 

 contaiaed its due proportion of fishes. Their remains neverthe- 

 less are scarce. This can in part be accounted for by the fact that 

 a proportion of them were probably cartilaginous fishes. Small 

 vertebrae of fishes and otoliths are not so scarce. The subject, how- 

 ever, has received little attention, and requires further investigation. 

 Mr. Higgins states that all the Crag otoliths which have passed 

 through his hands belong to Gadoid fishes. The species which 

 he has been able to recognize are : — 



{Morrhua.) Common Cod. ] 



„ Green Cod. I probably identical. 



„ Power Cod. J 



(Merlangus.) Pollack. i 



„ Whiting. I nearly allied, but not identical. 



„ Whiting-pout. J 



Large teeth of the extraneous Oarcharodon megalodon with those 

 of Otodus, and remains of Platax Woodwardi, of Haia antiqua, and 

 Zygohatis Woodwardi are common in this as they are in the Red 

 Crag. 



Mammalian Remains. — The term " Mammaliferous Crag " was 

 especially applied to the Norwich Crag by Mr. Charlesworth, to in- 

 dicate the common occurrence of mammalian remains in that Crag, 

 in contradistinction to their scarcity in the Crags of Suffolk. The 

 extensive workings of the Red Crag have since shown that it also is 

 rich in such remains ; but they present this difference from the fos- 

 sils of the Norwich Crag, that whilst the latter are in greater part 

 or in whole those of animals living at the time of the Norwich Crag, 

 those found in the Red Crag are, on the contrary, in great part, if 

 not altogether, those of animals which lived at previous times and 

 are derived from older strata. Of this we shall have to speak more 

 fully when on the subject of the Red Crag. Whilst, however, these 

 two Crags were known to contain mammalian remains, no land Mam- 

 malia were known in the Coralline Crag. A few remains of Cetaceans 



