240 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETT. [Feb. 22, 



low sand ; the flow from one spring amounted sometimes to 1500 

 gallons per minute. For a long time their source was a complete 

 puzzle, as it was not suspected that water could find a passage 

 through the thick bed of Purple Clay. On a boring being made 

 through the Purple Clay, it was proved that the springs had their 

 origin in the lower sand-bed overlying the Chalk ; and it is most pro- 

 bable that the water found its way to the surface through the holes 

 of old borings made through the Purple Clay before the work was 

 begun. Several old bore-holes were found, during the course of the 

 excavation, filled with small pieces of chalk. 



This bed of sand overlying the Chalk appears to be of some extent 

 in the neighbourhood of HuU. It was 16 feet in thickness where 

 a boring passed through it at the east end of the lock ; and the 

 same sand was found by all the borings to the westward which 

 passed through the Purple Clay. It appears to increase in thickness 

 to the east of Hull, as a boring* taken at Blockhouse MiU shows a 

 thickness of 26 feet of sand between the Purple Clay and Chalk. 

 Several thousand yards of this sand were brought to the surface by 

 the springs in the lock ; it was of redder colour than the Hessle 

 Sand, but contained, like it, particles of chalk. 



Discussion, 



The Presibext remarked upon the singularity of the occurrence of 

 a bed of ashes at such a depth in these deposits. 



Mr. GwTN Jeffreys referred to the President's paper on the 

 Kelsey-HiU beds, and remarked on some of the MoUusca obtained 

 by Mr. Hawkshaw. 



Mr, Boyd Dawkiks mentioned the occurrence of a submarine 

 forest on the coast of Somersetshire, forming a layer of peat, beneath 

 which was a land-surface, on which the forest had grown, and in 

 which flint-flakes were found at Portlock and Watchet on digging 

 through the peat. He remarked on the depression of the coast of 

 Somersetshire within the human period, and suggested that the 

 forest at Hull may have been contemporaneous with that of Somer- 

 setshire. 



Prof. Morris inquired whether any trees or roots were found as 

 when growing. The shells obtained were estuarine. Prof. Morris 

 remarked on a submerged forest near Whittlesey, with terrestrial 

 plants and freshwater shells imbedded in the overlying clay. 



The Author, in reply, stated that the trees had fallen where they 

 grew. No direct evidence of man's presence had been found in con- 

 nexion with the remains of the fire ; but judging from the general 

 appearance of these remains, he could come to no other conclusion 

 than that the fire was the work of man. 



* Phillips's ' Geology of Yorkshire,' second edition, p. 27. 



