PRESTWICH CEAG-BEDS 



12 species 



of terrestrial MammaKa 



7 „ 



Cetacea 



2 



Ziphioid Cetaceans 



2 



Eish 



10 ',', 



Testacea 



3 



Mammalia 



8 



Fish 



3 



Mammalia 



4 



Reptiles 



20 



Fish 



24 



Testacea 



6 



Crustacea 



2 



Echinoderms 



347 



y probably derived from Upper Ter- 

 tiaries. 



"1 probably derived from Middle Ter- 

 I tiaries. 



probably derived from older Ter- 

 tiaries. 



Zoophytes 



; 



Of the origin of the fossils from the older Tertiaries (London Clay) 

 there can be no doubt, as they are well-known species of that for- 

 mation, and have the mineral condition proper to it. The number 

 of Crustacea and of Fishes derived from that source could now be 

 even largely increased. 



With regard to the origin of the mammalian remains, Mr. Searles 

 Wood expresses an opinion that the land-mammalia " are certainly 

 intruders into the Crag, to whatever period they may be assigned." 

 In his paper on the extraneous fossils of the Red Crag, he considers 

 some of them to be of Middle-Tertiary age, but that the majority 

 belong to the Upper Tertiaries, and are of older date than the Eed 

 Crag. He also suggests the questions whether the large fish-teeth 

 from Suifolk may not be from beds of the same Miocene age as 

 those of Malta ; and he raises the same question with regard to 

 the remains of Hippotlienum and Hycenodon. 



In 1840, in 1846, and lastly in 1856, Professor Owen * described 

 various mammalian fossils of the Red Crag ; and he came to the con- 

 clusion " that the majority of them are identical or closely correspond 

 with the Miocene forms of Mammaha, and especially with those from 

 the Eppelsheim locality described by Professor Xauj). In Suffolk, 

 as in Darmstadt, we find Mastodon longirostris (cmgustidens), Rhi- 

 noceros ScTileiermacIieri, Tapirus priacus, Sus palceoclioerus, and Cervus 

 dicranocems associated together in the same formation ; and with 

 these Miocene forms of extinct Mammalia in the Red Crag we have 

 likewise the Cetaceans, which most closely resemble the Miocene 

 species of that order previously recognized in the Crag or Molasse of 

 the Continent," 



In 1857, Dr. Falconer published an important paper on the spe- 

 cies of Mastodon and Elephant occurring in a fossil state in Great 

 Britain. To this paper are appended some interesting remarks on 

 other mammalian fossils of the crag f. He established the identity 

 of the Crag-Mastodon with the 31. arvernensis of Auvergne and 

 Velay. With regard to the Crag-Rhinoceros, he considered that the 

 teeth present no character, so far as they have been described, incon- 

 sistent with their being referred to the so-called R. megarhinus of the 



* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. iv., 'British Fossil Mammalia,' and Quart. 

 Journ. GeoL Soc. vol. xii. p. 217. 



t Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xiii. pp. 347-360. 



