348 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL 80CIETT. 



south of Trance and Italy. After reviewing the other species of 

 Mammalia, he states that " they agree generally, as far as the species 

 have been vrell determined, with the great Pliocene fauna of Italy, 

 as exhibited along the valleys of the Po and Arno ; but it must, at 

 the same time, be freely admitted that the materials upon which the 

 determination of many of the species of the Eed-Crag Mammalia at 

 present rests are so scanty and undecisive that the identification 

 either way, whether as Miocene or Pliocene forms, must be regarded 

 as little more than approximate." He proceeds to say : — 



" There are other considerations which corroborate the Pliocene 

 view of the mammalian fauna of the Crag. The debatable species 

 referred by Professor Owen to Miocene origin all belong to genera 

 that are common to the Miocene and Pliocene periods, such as 

 Mastodon, Rhinoceros, Tapirus, Sus, Cervus, and Felis ; but of the 

 more remarkable types which are limited to the Upper Miocene de- 

 posits, and which abound in them all over Europe, such as the Dlno- 

 theriuyn, Ghalicotherium, Aceratherium, AncMtherium, Ampliicyon, 

 &e., not a single remain has ever been cited as having been found 

 in the Crag-deposits. The question naturally arises, how does it 

 happen, if the majority of the Red- Crag Mammalia are Miocene, that 

 there has been this selective admixture of species of long-termed 

 ' Miocene ' genera in the Crag, and why the exclusion of the strictly 

 characteristic genera ? " 



Professor Huxley, in a paper* on the Cetacean fossils termed 

 Ziphius by Cuvier, read before this Society in 1864, shows the rela- 

 tion of the Suffolk fossils to those of the Antwerp Crag. 



Mr. Ray Lankesterf, in a communication to the Society in 1865, 

 described some interesting new fossils from the Red Crag, and, in 

 speaking of the sources of the mammalian fossils of the Red Crag, 

 also states, " as an extension or modification of the views which had 

 been formerly advanced, chiefly by Mr. Searles Wood," his conclu- 

 sion that the mammalian remains of the Red Crag are mostly derived 

 from earlier beds — " the Ziphioid Cetaceans (with Garcharodon &c.) 

 from an equivalent of the Middle Antwerp Crag — the Mastodon, 

 Rhinoceros, Tapir, Sus, Fells, &c. perhaps from a late Miocene, or 

 more probably from an earlier Pliocene bed "J. 



* Quart Journ. Greol. Soc. vol. xx. p. 388. f Ibid. vol. xxi. p. 221. 



\ The recent papers of Prof. Owen (Pal. Soc. 1869) and of Mr. Eay 

 Lankester (Quart. Journ. G-eol. Soc. Nov. 1870) enable us now to give a more 

 complete and correct list of the Vertebrate remains found in the Red Crag :— 



Land. Marine. 



Castor veterior, Lank. Balsenodon aiEnis, Ow. 



Cervus dicranoceros, Kaup. ■ definita, Ow. 



Bquus placidens ?, Ow. emarginata, Om. 



Felis paroides, Ow. gibbosa, Ow. 



Hipparion. physaloides, Ow. 



Hvasna antiqua, Lank. Belemnoziphiuscompressus,Z?z<a'^. 



Mastodon arvernensis, Cr. ^ Jo. Careharodon megalodon, Aff. 



(tapiroides ?, Guv.). Choneziphius Paekardi, LanJc. 



Rhinoceros Schleiermaclieri,Srfl!!Cjj. planirostris, Lank. 



Sus antiquus?, /i«M^. Delphinus. 



