1871.] DAWKINS — GTJLO LtrSCUS IN BRITAIN. 407 



to time a remarkably complete series of pleistocene mammals. That 

 which opens on the terraced side of the cliff in the grounds of Cefn, 

 first described by the Rey. E. Stanley in 1833, and subsequently by 

 Dr. Palconer, contained abundance of Eeuideer, associated with 

 Cave-lion, Cave-bear, Grizzly Bear, Hysena, Elephas antiquus, Hip- 

 popotamus major, Rhinoceros tichorhinus, and B. hemitoecims. And 

 nearly all these animals occurred in a second cave, at Cefn, explored 

 by Mr. WiUiams Wynn ia 1869-70. A third cave, at Galtfaenan, 

 explored last winter by Mr. Mainwaring and MJr. Hughes, has fur- 

 nished the remains of Eeiadeer and Bear, and the traces of Hyaenas ; 

 whUe a fourth, at Plas Heaton, in part dug out by Mr. Hughes and 

 Mr. Heaton, has yielded "Wolf, Bison, Eeindeer, Horse, and Cave- 

 bear, and a remarkably fine lower jaw which proves that the Glutton 

 inhabited Great Britain during the pleistocene, or quaternary age. 

 Mr. Ayshford Sanford and myself had, indeed, obtained, in 1865, 

 the crowns of three canines from the eaves of Banwell, and Bleadon, 

 and of Gower, which belonged to this animal ; and we accordingly in- 

 serted it, without figure or description, in the list of the British 

 Pleistocene Mammals, published by the Palseontographical Society 

 in 1866. This discovery at Plas Heaton renders any doubt as to its 

 being a true pleistocene British species altogether impossible. 



The jaw consists of the left ramus, docked of the angular and 

 articular portions, which are broken off close behind the first true 

 molar. On comparison "with the lower jaws of the Glutton in the 

 British Museum, from Norway, and also from the caves of Gai- 

 lenreuth and Sundwig, I find that the Welsh specimen is slightly 

 larger than the latter, and considerably larger than those of the 

 animal now living in Europe. With this exception, there is not the 

 slightest difference between them. The peculiar ridging and grooving 

 of the inner side of the alveolar border, which at first sight appears 

 as the accidental result of the inflammation of the periosteum, is 

 common to all which I have examined ; and, taken in combination 

 with the great alveolar width, affords a means of determining at once 

 a fragment of the jaw from that of any other animal. The premolar 

 and molar series, also, are crowded together in a very short alveolar 

 space, and occupy the upper and outer margin of the jaw, instead of 

 occupying its superior surface, as in the majority of the carnivores. 

 The pecuHar wrinkled pattern of the enamel separates the teeth at 

 once from those of any carnivore which are likely to be confounded 

 with them, except the Hysena, which is put out of coui't by the 

 larger size and different form of all its teeth except the upper incisor 

 3, and the first upper premolar. The first of these bears a strong 

 superficial resemblance to the canine of the Glutton, but is differen- 

 tiated by the enamel surface of the latter being more deeply and 

 irregularly grooved, and by the cingulum passing from the posterior to 

 the anterior ridge being much less prominently developed. The 

 upper premolar 1 of Hyaena can be determined at once from the 

 second lower premolar of the Glutton, which it closely resembles in its 

 single fang and procumbent form, by the crown of the latter being set 



