PJIESTWICH CEAG-BEDS OIT STJFFOIK AKD KOEFOLK. 



457 



This pit shows also the relation of the Crag-beds to the overlying 

 series. I give the section (fig. 28) I took in 1856, as at that time 

 a thin seam of clay, v^hich is probably the equivalent of the Chil- 

 lesford Clay, and a layer of pebbly iron-sandstone, vnth casts and 

 impressions of shells, were well exposed at the east end of the pit *. 

 On that occasion also I found a fragment of Deer's horn immediately 

 upon the Chillesford Clay in the ferruginous gravel. 



Mx. E.. Taylor, so early as 1826, showed in his section of Bra- 

 merton pit that the fossils were grouped differently in the several 

 beds, and that some of the shells were peculiar to certain beds. 

 Mr, J. E. Taylor has recently f shown the diiferences to be still 

 more marked. He found that the upper beds of the Norwich pits 

 were characterized more especially by the much greater abundance 

 of deeper-water and more northern shells, and the lower beds by 

 a more littoral and freshwater group. Mr. Taylor and Mr. S. 

 "Wood, jun., refer this upper division to the zone of the Chillesford 

 series. This, as they justly notice, is an important elimination, 

 as it places the lower division of the Norwich Crag on terms which 

 admit of a juster comparison with the Red Crag of Suffolk, to which 

 they refer the lower beds. On general grounds I had long held 

 these two crags to be synchronous; but the correlation of the 

 moUuscan fauna still presented some difiiculties, which this deter- 

 mination of Mr. Taylor may help to remove. Owing to the absence 

 of sections in Mr. Taylor's paper, I am uncertain how far I agree 

 with him in correlating these divisions at Bramerton with others 

 at a distance from Norwich and on the coast. The Chillesford Clay 

 is not visible in the Bramerton pit ; but I have found traces of it in 

 the road leading up the hill at the back of the pit. 



I am indebted to Mr. James Reeve, Curator of the Norwich Mu- 

 seum, for the following carefully worked out list of the shells from 

 Bramerton, showing, I believe, more completely than has hitherto 

 been done, the species proper to the upper and lower divisions. For 

 a further list, comprising all the species recorded from the Norfolk 

 Crag, I beg to refer to the general list at the end of this paper, 

 where, in column YI. the different localities at which the several 

 species have been found are given : — 



List of Shells in the Norwich Museum from, the Sand-pit on the 

 Common at Bramerton, collected by Mr. Reeve. 



Univalves. Upper Lower Univalves. Upper Lower 



Beds. Beds. Beds. Beds. 



1 Clavatula turrieula v r r 



C ono vidus pyramidalis r 



Hydrobia idvai v r 



Lacuna crassior ? 1 



Littorina littorea c vc 



rudis no nc 



Admete viridula 



Bucoinum un datum c 



Bulla obtusa t r 



Calyptrsea chinensis 



Cerithium tricinctum ... c 

 Chemnitzia internodula 



* On visiting this pit again last summer (1870) I found the same beds still better 

 exposed at the west end of the pit. The clay there varies from 1 to 2 feet in 

 thickness, and the iron sandstone is about 1 foot thick. The former contains 

 'some large subangular ilints, but no shells ; the latter is full of well-preserved 

 shells (see Geol. Mag. vol. vii. p. 539.) 



t Geol. Mag. vol. iii. p. 273, vol. iv. p. 331. 



