466 PEOCEEDrXGS OF THE GEOLOSICAL SOCIETY. 



of freshwater shells throughout the series f. It is the ferruginous 

 " pan " lying at the base of this series, which is so rich in mam- 

 malian remains, and is known as the Elephant-bed. It is, however, 

 clear that the Westleton beds often repose upon a much denuded 

 surface of the underlying beds, the debris of which they then 

 contain. Therefore how far the bones found in the Elephant-bed 

 may be proper to it, or how many have been derived from the 

 Eorest-bed, is uncertain, as it has not always been possible to keep 

 the fossils of the two beds distinct, nor is it always practicable to 

 distinguish the proper from the extraneous fossils J. 



A large number of these mammalian remains were collected by 

 Miss Gurney ; and Mr. Gunn's magnificent collection, which he has 

 also lately presented to the Norwich Museum, is known to all 

 geologists. Dr. Falconer, who studied them with so much zeal, has 

 left a number of interesting notices resprecting the more important 

 specimens, in those memoirs in which he investigates the characters 

 of the Proboscidia §. 



Mr. Gunn, in his excellent concise account of the Eorest-bed, in 

 which he includes the Elephant-bed as an upper division, gives the 

 following list of mammalian remains ||, chiefly on the authority of Dr. 

 Falconer, to which Mr. Boyd Dawkins has obligingly added the 

 species marked with an asterisk. 



Elephas antiquus. Cerviis megaceros. 



, Tar. priscus. elaphus. 



meridionalis. Sedgwiekii. 



Rhinoceros megarhinus. Poligniacus. 



etruscus. capreolus ? 



Hippopotamus major. * ardeus. 



Equus (*caballus). Trogontherium Cuvieri. 



Machairodus? Mygale moschata. 



Bison priscus ? Sorex fodiens. 



Bos (*primigenius). remifer. 



Sus (*arvernensis). Arvicola amphibia. 



Ursus arvernensis. Castor europseus. 



spelfeus ? Two species of whale, 



etruscus ? [Vertebrae of fish.] 



t Mr. Grunn has also pointed out to me a spot, just under Mundesley, where 

 a pebble bed, with Littorina, Mytilus, &c., just as at Bacton, occurs, and a little 

 to the north the Pinna fectinata is found. 



% A large proportion of the fossils have been collected from the shore after 

 storms, when they had been washed out of the cliifs ; and many have been dredged 

 out at sea. Those which are derived from the elephant-bed frequently have a 

 portion of the gravel cemented to them, which may show that they are not derived 

 (directly, at all events) from the forest-bed; but I would observe that the 

 " pan" at the base of the Crag, and immediately lying on the Chalk, presents 

 lithological characters not to be distinguished in detached portions from the 

 other ; and as I have found bones in this crag-bed at Sherringham, this bed 

 may, although not so rich as at Norwich, have supplied a portion of the re- 

 mains found on the shore. 



§ ' Palssontological Memoirs and Notes,' edited by Charles Murchison, M.D., 

 1868, vol. ii. 



II Mr. Gunn considers that there is evidence of several other species of Deer, 

 and two more varieties of Elephant, in the Forest-bed. 



