506 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



the Koega seem to bo very similar in character to those of the 

 Government Saltpan — so much so that one is almost led to believe 

 that they must be a continuation of them. Section K (see fig. 6, e) 

 was made by me near this river, not far from the old road to Grahams- 

 town. In this section, No. 1 (at the top) is a marly clay, interspersed 

 with very numerous, small, calcareous seams. This is comparatively 

 recent, and rests on a conglomerate of quartzite pebbles (No. 2). Im- 

 mediately beneath this is clay (No. 3), resting upon a coarse loose 

 sandstone (No. 4), and this upon a hardened clay. 



Two or three miles lower down the Koega, where I obtained 

 another section, the sandstones appear to be very similar, in their 

 lithological character, to those shown in the section (Section L) of the 

 upper rocks at the Bethelsdorp Saltpan (see fig. 6, 4). I have not found 

 any fossils in them, nor have I heard of any being found ; we 

 must therefore look for some further proofs before a positive 

 opinion of their identity can be formed. This last-mentioned sec- 

 tion on the Koega is capped with the same Posttertiary shell-lime- 

 stone as at the Zwartkops. 



Bethehdo7^p Saltpan. — On the west side of the Bethelsdorp Salt- 

 pan is a very good section of the saliferous clays and sandstones. 

 Commencing from the lowest in Section M 1 & M 2 (see fig. 6,5), No. 22 

 is a coarse, gritty, rather loose sandstone, the thickness of which is 

 at present unknown, as is also the thickness of the belt of clay 

 (No. 21) resting upon it. It is highly probable, however, that the 

 latter, if properly exposed, would prove to be banded clay and sand- 

 stone, some 2 or^ 3 feet thick, similar to Nos. Ida, 17, and 19. 

 No. 20 is a hard, compact, fossiliferous sandstone, not more than 



1 foot thick. In this the characteristic fossils of the locality are 

 found, namely the remains of Cidaris jpustulifera. Its plates and 

 spines are obtained here in large quantities. Judging from the 

 numerous remains, one is led to the belief that it was during the 

 period of the deposition of this particular zone that it most flourished, 

 while at the Government Saltpan these fossils appear scarce. Ostrea 

 Jonesiana is also frequent in this belt, whilst other small Ostrece 

 are scarce. Dr. liubidge found Crassatella complicata here. Above 

 this fossiliferous bed we find fifteen alternate bands (altogether 

 10 feet 9 inches) of a reddish clay and sandstone (stratum 19), 

 each bed being very distinctly marked. These bands seem to be 

 non-fossiliferous, as well as the other strata from No. 19 to 14 

 in' Section M 1 & 2, and from No. 11 to 8 in Section L. More 

 diligent search, however, may discover traces of life not only in 

 these rocks, but also in the upper strata before alluded to, on the banks 

 of the Koega (Sect. K, fig. 6, e). Above No. 19 in Section M 1 & 2, 

 is a coarse non-fossiliferous sandstone (No. 18), 8 feet thick ; then 

 follow banded clays and sandstones (No. 17) 3 feet 6 inches ; and 

 above these, 4 feet 8 inches of sandstone (No. 16) ; again alternate 

 bands of clay and sandstone (No. 15 rt), 5 feet 3 inches thick ; then 



2 feet of a light-coloured friable sandstone (No. 15b), on this a 

 band of 8 inches of clay (No. 15c), and above that 4 feet 4 inches 

 of a light- coloured and very friable sandstone (No. 14). On the top 



