STOW SOUTH- ^FKICAN GEOLOGY. 



541 



of several hundred feet, with large mounds of drift, containing an- 

 gular fragments of rock, intermixed with others more waterworn, 

 impressing one with the idea that they are, in aU probability, the 

 remains of lateral moraines. 



Fig. 15. — Section showing the denudation of the Schaajp-Kraal Hoeh. 

 (Section Z of Author.) 



Watercourse. 



1,1. Abrupt escarpments of the outer face. 

 2, 2. Sloping surfaces of the interior. 

 3. Clay and other alluvium. 



Bongolo. — The Bongolo valley, as well as a number of other large 

 valleys around Hangklip, are very similar in regard to the way in 

 which their interiors have been denuded, and also in the precipitous 

 appearance of the outer side of their surrounding mountains. Hang- 

 klip, rising 6800 feet above the sea-level, seems to be the culmina- 

 ting height from which these radiate. 



Ice-scratches. — The only place where I have distinctly noticed 

 groovings on the surface of these rounded rocks was at a place 

 called Eeit-Poort, in the Tarka ; and here most of them were so 

 marked. The remote date of the denudation, and the nature of 

 most of the rocks, may explain why so few instances of ice-scratches 

 have yet been noticed, 



Buffel-Doorns Flat. — The lines of drainage of the country do not 

 always appear to have been the same as at present, as during the 

 erosion of all these vaUeys there seems to have been a difference 

 from what obtains now, not only in the level of the interior of 

 these basins themselves, but also in their several outlets; this 

 is seen along the sides of the valley (Buffel-Doorns Plat) repre- 

 sented in section, fig. 16. Here we have three such openings, 

 at three different levels. On the outer side of these outlets there 

 are deep gorges cut through the mountains, leading generally to 

 other wide basins at a lower level ; while these, again, are con- 

 nected, in the same way, with others of a less elevation than those 

 immediately above. The sides of these gorges are frequently covered 

 with heaps of huge boulders of every shape and position, drift, and 

 accumulations of unstratified clay. This succession of outlets is par- 

 ticularly well marked in this basin, on the southern slope of the 

 Stormberg, called Buffel-Doorns Flat. A number of other basins, 

 similar to this, situated among the branches of the same range, 

 have their present drainage through that of Buffel-Doorns. Almost 

 invariably all the inner faces of these basins are smoothed off, as has 



