STOW SOUTH- AFEICAN OEOLOGY. 543 



which, are outlets such as I have described, extend for miles accu- 

 mulations of drift and boulders, very different from regular lluviatile 

 deposits ; and which seem to indicate that the erosion of the channels 

 in question arose from other causes than those at present in opera- 

 tion in South Africa*. 



Morth of the Stormberg. — On the northern side of the Stormberg, 

 at Dordrecht and the Hot-Spruit (a branch of the Orange Eiver), 

 the same features are equally observable, — the peculiar wearing of 

 the rocks ; the large accumulations of unstratified clays, mixed with 

 patches of drift and boulders, both angular and waterworn ; and the 

 rounding of the hUls that face the interior of the valleys. I have 

 not yet visited the district of the Washbank ; but Dr. Meintjes in- 

 forms me that among the mountains there, and which are the highest 

 portions of the Stormberg, there are distinct traces of both lateral 

 and terminal moraines. In a vaUey near Ladygrey, some 4 or 5 

 miles^ wide, he found in the centre a patch of twelve or fourteen 

 enormous angular boulders, standing from 10 to 12 feet out of 

 the ground, and nearly the same in length and breadth. It would 

 have been impossible for water to have moved these masses of rock 

 to such a placet. The evidence in this part of the mountains 

 would refer to far more recent operations than those of which we ' 

 have before spoken, as the last retreat of the glaciers would be along 

 this range, before the gradual change of cHmate caused their final 

 disappearance. 



British Kaffrana. — Besides the evidence here brought forward, 

 there can be little doubt that an indefinite number of instances of 

 the same description might be collected among these mountains. 

 Not only here, but if we turn to the present coast we there find 

 numerous evidences of the same action that cannot be explained as 

 having occurred through the ordinary agency of water. Within a 

 few miles of Grey town, in British Ka&aria, there is a very remark- 

 able dome-shaped rock, situated on a neck or opening through a 

 high ridge, near the Kabousie. The rock runs across a portion of 

 this neck, and is completely rounded ; it is about 350 yards long, 

 and from 60 to 70 feet high. A number of huge boulders are 

 scattered aboiit, as will be seen from the Sketch AC and Plan 

 AE, kindly furnished me by Mr. T. Liefieldt, Resident Govern- 

 ment-Agent of the Gaika Tribes. The high ridge on both sides of 

 the neck is perfectly smooth, and no other rocks are visible for 

 miles. 



Kaga and Krome Mountains. — On the southern side of the Kaga 

 and Kroome mountains, branches of the Great "Winterberg, we also 

 obtain evidence indicating that other agencies have been at work 

 besides those of a purely aqueous nature. Extensive flats are 



* See the late R. N. Rubidge's paper on pluvial denudation in South Africa. 

 Geol. Mag. No. 20, Feb. 1866, p. 88.— T. E. J. 



t I have frequently seen large angular boulders, 10-12 feet in diameter, 

 with the uncovered part 9 or 10 feet out of the surrounding clay, in the centre 

 of a wide valley, where it would be impossible to explain how such ponderous 

 masses could have been transported by the force of water. 



