218 O. Feistmantel— A sketch of the history of the [No. 3, 



Siberia, the Amur countries and Italy ; Vertebraria, Glossopteris and 

 JSfoggerathiopsis pass into the upper Gondwanas in India ; and Nogger- 

 ctthiopsis has a very close relation in the Jura of the Altai, the Tunguska 

 river and the Petschora country and Gangamopteris is in Australia chiefly 

 developed in the Bacchus-marsh beds which are considered to be mesozoic. 



2. On the other hand in the Gondwana system, both in the lower 

 and upper portions, there are many forms, which have no representatives 

 in the Australian coalmeasures, though related forms occur in the higher 

 (meszoic) beds elsewhere. 



Thus we have very abundantly in the Talchirs the genus Ganga- 

 mopteris, which under similar circumstances occurs in the Bacchus-marsh 

 beds (mesozoic) in Victoria. 



In the Karharbari beds there is again abundantly represented Ganga- 

 mopteris ; and besides it Neuropteridium (single pinnate Neuropteris of 

 the Trias) and Voltzia (permian, but especially Triassic). 



In the Damuda Series there is Schizoneura (Trias-Rhatic) a Cyathea 

 (Jurassic) a Dicksonia (related to some Jurassic forms) Asplenium whitbyense 

 (Jurassic) and another form, belonging with a species from the upper beds 

 in Australia probably also to this type ; there is a Merianopteris (Trias in 

 Europe) ; there are forms of Macro t ceniopteris (related with mesozoic 

 forms, one is in the Wianamatta beds in Australia) and there are other 

 tceniopteroid plants with mesozoic affinities ; 



Of Cycadeacece we have Pteropl/y/lum, Anomoza?nites andGlossozamites 

 which are predominantly (for the first named) or exclusively (for the two 

 last named) mesozoic. 



Of coniferous plants there is Rhipidopsis (of the Jura in the Petschora 

 country N. Russia) one of the Salisburece, and Cyclopitys, of the Jura in 

 Siberia, and Voltzia (predominantly Triassic). 



There are also some seeds with mesozoic affinities. 



In the Panchet division there is Schizoneura, Pecopt. concinna and 

 Cyclopt. pachyrhachis which are Triassic and Rbatic. 



3. The Upper Gondwana plants do not require any further explana- 

 tion. 



4. But there is, in Kach, the interesting case, that a Flora of middle 

 Jurassic type is intercalated with and overlaid by animals of uppermost 

 Jurassic age. 



5. The animal remains of any importance from the lower Gondwanas, 

 hitherto known, are fresh-water and land vertebrates ( Pisces, Batrachia and 

 Meptilia) the relations of which were discussed by Mr. Lydekker, in his 

 above-mentioned paper in this Journal. 



The animals of the Upper Gondwanas are somewhat more varied con- 

 sisting both of land and fresh water animals and of marine animals. 



