156 



BULLETIN OF THK ESSEX INSTITUTE. 



snaffle, though he thinks the instrument was worn under 

 the nose instead of above, and he says this opinion is based 

 011 a daily experience in training horses by ordinary 

 cavegon (curb), which ought not to operate except at the 

 will of the trainer. In Strobel's conception of its use it 

 would always be pressed against the horse's nose whereas 



it should be under 

 the chin or throat ; 

 the trainer then 

 pullsitwithgreater 

 or less force at will. 

 Strobel figures two 

 of these i n s t r u- 

 ments with a large 

 e i g h t link chain 

 passing through 

 the rings (seeFig. 

 10), and Charvet 

 says this chain was 

 simply to hold the 

 i in p 1 e m e n t in 

 place. Charvet 

 further expresses 

 the belief that from 

 this object the curb 

 originated w h e n 

 bits were rigid and 



Fig. 10. Rcproducedfro Strobel's Memoir. ^ ^^ ^ the 



middle. Strobel in reply cites the quadridentate type as 

 being curved to adapt itself to the curve of the horse's 

 nose when pressed down. The rings were big enough to 

 allow the chain to pass through and yet leave room for a 

 rope to be tied to each ring. In his second paper Strobel 

 figures a snaffle of two centuries ago and one used at the 



