1.900] L. de Nicevillo— Note on Calinaga. 153 



With regard to the antennae of Calinaga, Mr. Watson says that they 

 are "Similar in general form to those of Danais and Euploea, and in 

 scaling are like those of the ParassiinsB." In my opinion the antennae 

 superficially most nearly resemble those of the genus Luelulorfia of the 

 Papilioninse, with which they agree very closely in length and shape. 

 In Calinaga they are too short and stout to agree well with the Danaiwe, 

 and too long to agree with Pamassius, besides which the antennas of the 

 latter genus are more abruptly clubbed than in Calinaga, and the club 

 is thicker. The structure of the legs and the neuration will, however, 

 in my opinion, remove Calinaga entirely from the Pavilionidse. 



With regard to the basal cell of the hindwing in Calinaga, which 

 is caused by the peculiar conformation of the costal, subcostal and 

 median nervures together with another vein called by Mr. Watson the 

 " interno-costal nervule," that writer sums up the evidence as regards 

 Calinaga that in formation it is " Similar to Pamassius, and dissimilar 

 to the Danainse, and still less similar to the genus Ilypolimnas." I have 

 nothing to add to this. The basal cell is found in the Danainse, 

 Morphine, Pierinse, and Papilioninse. 



As regards the general facies of Calinaga I agree with Mr. Watson 

 that it reminds one of the genus Aporia of the Pierinse, still more so of 

 some species of Pamassius, but in my opinion most of all to certain species 

 of the subgenus Radena of the Danainse, say Radena meganira, Godart, 

 for the dark Calinaga buddha, Moore, and Radena juventa, Cramer, for 

 the lighter Calinaga davidis, Oberthiir, and C. cercyon, mihi. Neither 

 of these species of Radena, however, occur where the Calinagas are 

 found. The disposition and extent of the markings of the two genera 

 Radena and Calinaga is very markedly similar. Calinaga is almost 

 unique in the heavily hairy, ferruginous clothing of the thorax of both 

 sexes of all the known species, which strongly contrasts with the 

 black abdomen, and this hairiness is characteristic of Pamassius. The 

 coloration feature of the thorax is also noticeable in Pamassius citri- 

 narius, Motschulsky, of which P. glacialis, Butler, is a synonym, but 

 in the latter species the coloured hairy clothing of the thorax is of much 

 less extent, forming merely a collar, and is rather paler, more fulvous, 

 in shade. I may note that the hairless, leathery abdomen of Calinaga 

 reminds one of that of the genus Danais. 



I can extend the geographical range of the genus Calinaga con- 

 siderably beyond that given by Mr. Watson, as it is found in the 

 Western as well as in the Eastern Himalayas, but it is a noticeable fact 

 that as far as is at present known C. buddha occurs in the Western 

 Himalayas only in the Kulu Valley, near Dalhousie, in Chumba, at 

 Murree, and possibly near Mussoorie, there being an immense gap of 

 j. n. 20 



