154 L. de Niceville— Note on Calinaga. [No. 2, 



nearly 600 miles before it is again met with in Sikkim in the Eastern 

 Himalayas ; while to the east G. davidis, Oberthiir, occurs in Central as 

 well as in Western China, while G. sudassana, Melvill, is found in Upper 

 Burma and Upper Siara. 



Dr. George Watt obtained Calinaga brahma, Butler, which is a 

 synonym of 0. buddha, Moore, " Near Assam" according to Dr. Butler 

 who described it, but Mr. J. H. Elwes has noted that the specimens 

 were probably collected iu the Naga Hills on the march from Manipur 

 to Kohima. In Mr. Elwes' collection is a female specimen of 0. buddha 

 from Chumba in the Western Himalayas. 0. buddha was originally de- 

 scribed from N. India, presented by Colonel Buckley, who collected 

 largely in the neighbourhood of Mussoorie in the Western Himalayas, 

 but no specimens from the Mussoorie region have been obtained in recent 

 years. Excepting Dr. W T att there is no European in India as far as I 

 know who has seen a Calinaga alive except Mr. A. Grahame Young, 

 who informs me that it is not very rare in the Kulu Valley, also in the 

 Western Himalayas; that it frequents the banks of heavily wooded 

 streams from 3,500 to under 6,000 feet elevation above the sea, never 

 higher than that; that it is purely a forest insect, never found amongst 

 mere brushwood but always amongst trees; and occurs generally from 

 about 25 ^h March to 20th May. He notes that once, and once only, he 

 saw three altogether, in July, 1872. It is very fond of settling on wet sand 

 or gravel, when disturbed it flies off with a strong Papilio-Mke flight, 

 and that it is very strong on the wing. Last year (1899), Mr. Young 

 tells me that his native collector reported that he saw over twenty 

 specimens, but caught only five. In Kulu it is very local, Mr. Young 

 knows of two spots only where it occurs. 



In 1886 I noted that " The species [of Calinaga'] are probably 

 mimetic." I think so still, and that they mimic species of Danais, 

 C. buddha, G. davidis, and C. cercyon mimicking D. limniace, Cramer, 

 G. sudassana mimicking D. sita, Kollar (=D. tytia, Gray), and G. lhatso, 

 Oberthiir, possibly the same species ; the mimic and its model in all 

 cases being found in the same locality. 



In conclusion I may note that the opinion I expressed in 1886 that 

 " The proper position of the genus is amongst the Nymphalidte, though 

 a knowledge of its transformations is necessary for determining its 

 exact position iu that^family " remains unaltered. Till its egg is pro- 

 perly known (eggs extracted from the body of a long deceased specimen 

 are not very satisfactory, though very much better than nothing), and 

 its larva and pupa are discovered, especially the young larva on first 

 emergence from the egg, the position of the genus must remain uncer- 

 tain. It is not a hesperid, papilionid, lycrenid or lemoniidid, so must 



