254 L. de Niceville — Butterflies of the Kanara District. [No. 2 



163. Appias libythea, Fabricius. 

 Cratseva religiosa, Forst. (Cappandese). 

 Capparis horrida, Linn. f ? {Capparidex). 



This species is entirely omitted from Dr. A. G. Butler's recent 

 monograph of the genus Catophaga (Ann. and Mng. of Nat. Hist., 

 seventh series, vol. ii, pp. 392-401, 458-467 (1898). Possibly with 

 A, zelmira, Cramer, he considers it to be a true Appias, and generically 

 distinct from the genus Catophaga, Hiibner. 



164. Appias taprobana, Moore. 

 Cratseva religiosa, Forst. (Capparidete). 



This species is given in the second Kanara list as A. hippoides, 

 Moore, that species being a synonym of A. hippo, Cramer, found in 

 North India, Burma, the Malay Peninsula, Indo-China, China, and 

 many islands of the Malay Archipelago. A. hippo is distinct from 

 A. taprobana, the latter occurring in South India and Ceylon only. 



165. Appias albina, Boisduval. 

 Hemieyclia venusta, Thwaites (Euphorbiacese). 



This species is given as A. neombo, Boisduval, in the second Kanara 

 list. A. neombo is a species which cannot be satisfactorily identified, 

 though I have some specimens of Appias from North Kanara that agree 

 fairly well with the original description, but these in my opinion do not 

 represent a distinct species, but are probably a dry-season form of 

 A. ivardii, Moore, or possibly of A. albina, Boisduval. They were all 

 caught or bred in December. Dr. A. G. Buller in Ann. and Mag. of 

 Nat. Hist., seventh series, vol. ii, p. 397, n. 11 (1898), places Pieris 

 neombo as a synonym of Catophaga albina. 



Larva. The larva is very like that of Appias taprobana, Moore, 

 in appearance, but is as a rule more thickly covered with black tubercles. 

 The body is more or less cylindrical, but narrows somewhat at segments 

 2 and 3, and still less so at the anal end ; the anal flap is thick, 

 semicircularly rounded, and inclined at an angle of 45° to the length- 

 axis of the larva, and has a small, very slightly developed, conical 

 tubercle before the extremity on each side of the dorsal line ; the front 

 half of the flap is shiny and black, and has some conical tubercles of 

 different sizes all over it, each surmounted by a single fine hair, there 

 being one subdorsal tubercle larger than the rest ; the posterior half 

 is green and smooth except for the tubercle above the extremity just 

 mentioned ; tbe body is somewhat stouter in the middle ; the head is 

 broader than the body at segment 2. Head round, shiny, oily yellow 



