392 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 3, 



fling themselves into the sea and in that way escape capture. Their 

 colour in life is a dark) bottle-green. 



82. Grapsus grapsus (Linn.). 



Seba/.Thesaurus, III, p. 43, pi. xviii. figs. 5, 6. 



Cancer grapsus, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. (eel. xii.) p. 1048: Fabricius, Ent. Syst. 

 II. p. 438 and Snppl. p. 342. 



Grapsus maculatus (Catesby, 1713), Milne Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (3) XX. 

 1853, p. 167, pi. vi. fig'. \\ : Hoffmann, in Pollen and Van Dam, Faun. Madagasc., 

 Crust., p. 21 : Broccbi, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., (6) II. 18/5, Art. 2, p. 78 (male 

 appendages) : Kingsley, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1879, p. 401, and 1880, p. 192 : 

 de Man, Notes Leyden Mus. V. 1883, p. 159 : Miers, Zool. H. M. S. Alert, pp. 518. 

 544, and Challenger Brachyura, p. 255 : Cano, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napol. III. 1889, p. 

 236 : R. 1. Pocock, Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool., XX. 1890, p. 512 : de Man, Notes Leyden 

 Mus. XIII. 1891, p. 49: Koelbel, Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien, VII. 1892, p. 114: 

 Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc, Zool., (2) V. 1893, p. 391 : A. Milne Edwards and 

 Bonvier, Hirondelle Crust. (Monaco, 1894) p. 47 : de Man, Zool. Jahrb. Syst. IX. 

 1895-97, p. 79: Whitelegge, Mem. Austral. Mus. III. 1897, p. 139: Nobili, Boll. 

 Mus. Torino, *X1I. 1897, p. 3. Grapsus maculatus var. pharaonis, A. Milne Edwards, 

 Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. IX. 1873, p. 285. 



Grapsus pictus, Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust, et Ins. VI. p. 69, pi. xlvii. fig. 2, and 

 Genera Crust, p. 33 : Lamarck, Hist. Nat. Anim. Sans Vert. V. p. 248 : Dnmeril, 

 Diet. Sci. Nat. XIX. p. 322 : Desmarest, Consid. Gen. Crust, p. 130, pi. xvi. fig. 1 : 

 Milne Edwards, in Cuvier Regne An. pi. xxii. fig. 1, and Hist. Nat. Crust. II. 86: 

 Milne Edwards and Lucas, Voy. Amer. Merid., Crust, p. 28: Gay, Hist. Fisica Chili, 

 pt. III. Zool. p. 166: Dana, U. S. Expl. Exp. Crust, pt. I. p. 336 : PDesbonne and 

 Schramm, Crust. Guadal. p. 49 : Martens, Archiv f. Nat. XXXVIII. 1872, p. 106 : 

 Miers, Cat. Crust. New Zeal. p. 36, and P. Z. S. 1877, p. 73, and Phil. Trans. 1879, 

 p. 489, and Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) V. 1880, p. 310 : Smith, Trans. Connect. Acad. 

 IV. 1880, p. 256: Tenison Woods, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. V. 1880-81, p. 117: 

 Ozorio, Journ. Sc. Nat. Lisb. XI. 1885-87, p. 227. Grapsus pictus var. ocellatus, 

 Studer, Abh. Ak. Berlin, 1882, Gazelle Crust, p. 14: Grapsus pictus var. Webbi, 

 Hilgendorf, SB. Nat. Frennde Ges. 1882, p. 24. 



Grapsus ornatus, Milne Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (3) XX. 1853, p. 168. 



Grapsus pharaonis, Milne Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (3) XX. 1853, p. 168 : 

 Heller, SB. Ak. Wien. XLIII. 1861, i. p. 362 : Hoffmann in Pollen and Van Dam, 

 Faun. Madagasc. Crust, p. 20, pi. v. figs. 32-35 : Richters, in Mobius, Meeresf. 

 Manrit. Crust, p. 156. 



Grapsus Webbi, Milne Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat. (3) XX. 1853, p. 167 : Stimpson, 

 Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1858, p. 102. 



Grupsus altifrons, Stimpson, Ann. Lye Nat. Hist. N. Y. VII. 1862, p. 230. 



Grapsus grapsus, Ives, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1891, p. 190 : Ortmann, Zool. 

 Jahrb. Syst. VII. 1893-94, p 703 : Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XVIII. 1895, 

 p. 30 : Rathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. XXI. 1898, p. 604. 



Goniopsis picta, De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crnst. p. 33, and Krauss Sudafr. Crust, 

 p. 46. 



Carapace somewhat discoidal in shape, owing to the curvature of 



