ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT. IxXXV 



The second portion of M. de Tchihatcheff's memoir refers to the 

 tertiary deposits in the south of Caria and in a portion of the 

 north of Pisidia. In the first place he describes an interesting sec- 

 tion from Melassa to Geramo, situated on the northern shore of the 

 Gulf of Cos. The nucleus of the country, as in most of the other 

 mountain-chains which I have seen in that part of Asia Minor, con- 

 sists of clay-slates and crystalline limestone, capped on its northern 

 flanks by tertiary lacustrine deposits resembling those formed in other 

 parts of Asia Minor. On the southern slope, however, close to the 

 sea-shore near Geramo, M. de Tchihatcheff describes the existence of 

 marine tertiaries, which he refers to the same Miocene formation 

 already mentioned as occurring in Cilicia ; they extend some way 

 along the coast eastward from Geramo. But the most remarkable 

 instance of their occurrence is the steep and isolated hill of Davas 

 or Daous, situated some fifty miles inland from the Gulf of Cos, to 

 the N.E. Here M. de Tchihatcheff found an isolated hill consisting 

 of almost vertical beds of indurated marls and sandstones, capped by 

 horizontal beds of tertiary formation abounding in fossils ; from the 

 collection he made, M. de Tchihatcheff ascertained that they also 

 belonged to the Miocene series. Thus it appears that the Miocene 

 seas here extended considerably inland, and to the north of the 

 present coast. From Daous eastward to the Lake of Buldur, M. de 

 Tchihatcheff found no further trace of tertiary marine remains. 



The third portion of the memoir refers to the Palaeozoic rocks of 

 Cappadocia and of the Bosphorus. M. de Tchihatcheff had already 

 briefly alluded to his discovery of Devonian rocks in the range of 

 the Anti-Taurus south-eastward of Csesarea in a letter addressed to 

 Sir R. I. Murchison, and read before the Society in 1849. M. de 

 Tchihatcheff again visited these regions in 1853, and not only ascer- 

 tained the very extensive development of the Devonian formation, 

 but also the existence of the carboniferous or mountain limestone, as 

 proved by the fossils submitted to the inspection of M. de Verneuil. 

 Ascending the banks of the rapid Sihun, after quitting the district 

 of the mountain limestone abounding in true Carboniferous Pi'oduc- 

 tus, the author found that it was replaced by a blue unfossiliferous 

 limestone associated with clay-slates, mica-schist, and quartzites. The 

 nature of the country and its excessive vegetation did not enable him 

 to detect the exact relative position of the two beds, but at no great 

 distance he again came upon a blue crystalline limestone abounding 

 in Devonian fossils. This formation extends for more than ten 

 leagues up the valley, gradually becoming less rich in fossils as the 

 valley is ascended ; at length all organic traces disappear, and the 

 blue limestone passes into a white marble, still preserving the fetid 

 odour which characterizes all the fossiliferous limestones above men- 

 tioned. This rock is frequently associated with clay-slate and 

 mica-schist, and is penetrated occasionally by melaphyre. M. de 

 Tchihatcheff concludes this portion of his memoir with a general 

 sketch of the palaeozoic rocks of Asia Minor, and particularly of the 

 Bosphorus. The localities where they have been observed are the 

 following : — the Bosphorus, the northern shore of the Gulf of Nico- 



VOL. XI. / ^ 



