274 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



From the great elevation of Chaouni, the order of the Mungerrah 

 section is seen prevaiUng throughout the adjoining mountains, for 

 the deep-red of the chert-conglomerate (bed No. 6) may be di- 

 stinctly traced, from its contrast with the other beds, forming a wide 

 band wherever a cliff-section is presented*. 



The origin of the red-chert-gravel, which is very widely extended, 

 is to me a complete mystery. It is true that a bed of solid red chert 

 is seen in the Liir mountains at Harsin, — and a thin bed (of the 

 cretaceous age) crops out in the plains of Kermanshah and Mahi- 

 desht, and at Kasley Giil near Mount Ararat ; but these are too 

 insignificant to have been the nucleus from whence such an enormous 

 quantity of gravel was derived. In these two localities there is no 

 waxy-green-colonred chert, which is abundantly found mixed with 

 the red-chert-gravel wherever that occurs. These rocks may, how- 

 ever, exist in mass in some unexplored region of the Lur or Kurd 

 Mountains. 



From the summit of Chaouni, the red-chert-gravel is traceable in a 

 N.W. direction for a distance of twenty or thirty miles, until it is 

 shut out of view by the intervening mountains. 



Section (fig. 4) at Tang-i-KMshow. — The lower portion of the Mun- 

 gerrah Section is crossed at the Tang-i-Khashow, between Dizful and 

 Khorremabad, about forty miles N.W. of Chaouni (see fig. 4, p. 329). 

 Here the road passes through an easy gorge, having on either side a 

 cliff of about 800 feet high, with the strata dipping to the S.W. at 

 an angle of 40°, or thereabouts. To the N.E. is a broken face of rock 

 exposing the following section : — 



No. 4 ; a thin bed. 

 No. 5. 

 No. 6. 

 No. 7. 



,No. 8 ; containing Alveolina subpyrenaica in 

 very great abundance, with Nummulites perforata and N, exponens. 



9. Thick deposits of reddish sandstone, fine-grained and hard, 

 without fossils ; but containing a few thin bands of darker-coloured 

 hard iron-sandstone, tolerably heavy (=4 6 & 4 c of fig. 4). 



10. At about \\ mile from the entrance of the pass these sand- 

 stones are succeeded by enormous beds of slate-coloured bituminous 

 shales and marls (4 d, fig. 4), which fill up the entire centre of the 

 valley between Tang-i-Khashow and the Pass of Deh-i-Liz, and afford 

 a rich soil for the forest of dwarf oaks which here abound. The 

 water flowing among these marls is scanty, and highly impregnated 

 with iron. No traces of fossils were here observed. It is highly 



* In the MS. Memoir the author has given a diagram-sketch, geologically co- 

 loured, sketched by Lieut. Glascott, R.N. with the theodolite from this position, 

 and looking to the N.E, It shows the wild character of this region. Mr. Loftus 

 adds that " the irregular upper outline of the red gravel is owing to its being 

 overlaid by hmestone debris fallen from above. In other sections the underlying 

 beds are discernible, especially in the bluff south-eastern extremity of the Keaiun 

 range, and in the lofty mountain called Kus, across the Bi A'b, north of Chaouni." 

 —Ed. 



Mungerrah beds. 



