300 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



In advancing to the westward, the ironstone-clay is crushed in a 

 fold, and encloses a trough of contorted slates between eruptions of 

 hornblende-rock and granite. 



The hornblende is exceedingly hard, compact, and heavy, and 

 contains numerous elongated acicular crystals, resembling the stone 

 at Kel i Shin. 



The granite is of the usual character, fine- and large-grained, and 

 easily decomposes. 



Immediately beyond the granite there occur undulating and con- 

 torted beds, of enormous thickness and extent, composed of gravel- 

 conglomerate, sandstones, and marls, with intercalated layers of 

 impure limestone and sandstone. I have no hesitation in assigning 

 these deposits to the age of the gypsum-series. The sandstones 

 present the same indistinct casts and curious marks which were ob- 

 served in the south nearDizful (p. 261) ; — none were, however, suffi- 

 ciently characteristic to be brought away as specimens. These beds 

 are much disturbed, and dip in every direction of the compass ; thus 

 showing the intensity of the elevating force. They continue without 

 intermission to the Plain of Gawar, where they are covered up by 

 alluvial soil. Before reaching it, they constitute the Ziniyasiv Pass 

 (the greatest elevation attained by the road along this section), one 

 of the highest passes across the chain ; the summit being about 

 12,000 feet above the sea. 



Between Gawar and Beradiist, by way of Basseh and Bazirgah, 

 the only rocks visible are those of the gypsum-series, and they ex- 

 hibit the same bends and contortions as in the previous section. 



From the mountains to the east of the above section there was 

 brought to me some heavy and rich ore of magnetic oxide of iron in 

 quartz, but the exact locality was not indicated. 



Section from Berddusf, across the Plain of Selmas, to Derik. 



Fig. 16. 



On quitting the rich alluvial plain of Beradiist, a low gravel-range 

 is crossed to reach the District of Somai, which is an extensive 

 irregular undulating plain, owing its contour to the presence of 

 masses of superficial gravel. Gradually ascending in a northerly 

 direction towards the high range called Shetkha or Anjulukh Dagh, 

 low cliifs of compact and vesicular basalt, with crystals of leucite, for 

 the first time along the Frontier make their appearance. These are 

 succeeded by an elevated plain, in which decomposing mica-schists 

 now and then protrude through the soil ; but I could not make out 

 their position with regard to the trap-rocks. 



The Pass over the Anjulukh Range exhibits an infinite variety of 

 porphyritic and granitic compounds on the summit, before attaining 

 which on either side are complicated mixtures and interchanges of 

 hornblende, felspar, and mica, similar to those described by Mr. 

 Ainsworth (Geogr. Journal, vol. xi. p. 60) as met with by him to 

 the west of the same neighbourhood, on Zendesht Dagh, between 

 Selmas and Jemalawa, These rocks on the south of the Plain of 



