382 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



doubtful point. In this section we have the overlying trap (a) 

 occupying the two summits of Sitabaldi Hill, under it the tertiary 

 freshwater formation (b) and the intruded amygdaloidal trap (c) 

 which has encroached on it. At the foot of the hill is the upper 

 sandstone (d), which has been metamorphosed to a great extent by 

 the gneiss (e), or rather by the pegmatite (/) beneath. On the 

 north part of the hill the gneiss comes to the surface ; but a little 

 further north it is, together with the sandstone, overlaid by trap. 

 This trap, which agrees with that overlying the tertiary beds in 

 being nodular and poor in minerals, resembles in the very same 

 respects the amygdaloid where it constitutes the superficial rock on 

 the ascent. Proceeding in the same line, we find the trap cease and 

 the sandstone upheaved. After this interruption the trap is again 

 seen to be on the surface. Now the question arises : what is the 

 reason that the trap is not found where the granite has thrown up 

 the sandstone ? The most obvious reply is, that once it w as there, 

 as it is seen on either side, but that by this eruption it was removed ; 

 in which case the plutonic rock would be of more recent origin 

 than the volcanic. But, as there is the alternative of the latter 

 never having been spread over the position of the former, and as 

 this alternative is favoured by the examination of other localities, 

 I content myself with merely submitting the case for determination, 

 merely stating that my latest observations lead me to believe that the 

 trap is of later age than the granite. At all events the section un- 

 doubtedly shows that the pegmatite and some of its accompanying 

 gneiss are of an age subsequent to the upper sandstone. And yet in 

 a layer of conglomerate contained in the red shale of Korhadi we 

 meet with pebbles of undulated mica-schist very like that which 

 occurs in the present day between Suradi and Korhadi. Rocks of 

 this character, then, w^hether we are right or wrong in suggesting their 

 connection with any still existing, did exist before the deposition of 

 the red shales. 



Conclusion. — In tracing the geological history of this district from 

 the facts that have been brought forward, we are made to feel that 

 the early epochs are involved in the utmost obscurity. "While in 

 many other countries the records of what took place in Palaeozoic 

 times have been preserved in successive strata of the earth's crust, 

 in the Dakhan they have been wholly obliterated. It is not until we 

 come down to the Jurassic era that we meet with archives whose 

 characters can be read. Then we find that Central India was covered 

 by a large body of fresh water, which stretched southward into the 

 Peninsula, and eastward into Bengal, while on the north and west it 

 communicated by some narrow channel with the sea. On the shores 

 of this lake earth-worms crawled, and small reptiles (frogs) crept over 

 the soft mud. In its pools sported flocks of little Entomostracans 

 resembling the modern Estheria, mingled with which Vvere Ganoid 

 fishes and Labyrinthodonts. The streams which fed it brought down 

 into its bed the debris of the plutonic and metamorphic rocks which 

 then constituted the greater part of the dry land, and which were 

 covered with an abundant vegetation of Ferns, most of them distin- 



