544 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [JunC 13, 



night. A fire also broke out, soon after the shock, in the centre of the 

 bazars, which, raging throughout the next day, carried devastation 

 over a vast space covered with shops and houses to the number pro- 

 bably of more than 1000, consuming all the earthquake had left, to 

 the verge of the open plain. 



Some quarters of Brussa have suffered less than others, but all 

 severely. Some are levelled with the ground, and the general aspect 

 of the place is that of one continuous wreck. 



Several of the villages around have shared in the disastrous visita- 

 tion. On coming to one named Pepe'gik, six miles off, in the direct 

 line to Ghio, we had to make a circuit to avoid the ruins, from under 

 which above forty dead bodies had been dragged ; and not one house 

 remained entire. Two other Greek villages, to the right and left, a 

 little further off (one the largest and richest in the country), had 

 sustained no injury. Some villages in other directions were com- 

 pletely destroyed by the shock of the 11th. 



It was ascertained by the authorities that it had caused no damage 

 around the Lake of Apollonia, where the earthquake of the 28th 

 February had produced such fatal effects ; and Ghio, twenty-one miles 

 to the north-east from Brussa, has stood intact throughout. 



This leads to the conclusion, that the last commotion was directly 

 under Brussa and the country within a radius of about two leagues 

 from that centre. 



New streams of boiling water have burst out from the ground at 

 the sites of the hot mineral baths, whilst the former currents there 

 have been greatly increased in volume. 



The shocks continued up to the 21st, but were innocuous, and 

 sometimes slightly felt here (Pera). 



Pera, April 23, 1855. 



5. On the Section of the Metamorphic and Devonian Strata 



at the Eastern Extremity of the Grampians. 



By James Nicol, F.R.S.E, F.G.S., Professor of Civil and Natural 



History, Marischal College, Aberdeen. 



One of the most instructive sections of the crystalline rocks com- 

 posing the Grampian Mountains is seen at the termination of that 

 chain on the coast of Kincardineshire, between Stonehaven and 

 Aberdeen. Having found this section to differ in some important 

 points from the structure usually ascribed to these mountains, I now 

 offer a short account of it to the Society. The section at p. 547 

 is only intended to illustrate the general position of the strata without 

 entering into minute details. 



Commencing with the southern portion of the section, the first 

 rock is the Old Red Sandstone {a) forming part of the great formation 

 which underlies the Scottish coal-field. It is well seen on the coast 

 in this district, where it is quarried near Stonehaven. This rock is 

 often described as evidently made up of the detritus of the moun- 

 tains on the north, but its mineral characters in this place hardly 

 bear out the statement. 



