560 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [June 13, 



vations* prove that under the sandstone of UmlaGhat there is shale 

 with exudations of petroleum, which is succeeded below by alternate 

 beds of sandstone and shale, limestone lying under all. 



Thus we see that south, north, and east of this territory, as well 

 as within its limits, the carbonaceous and bituminous shales may 

 be said immediately to underlie the ferruginous sandstone. It is 

 difficult to comprehend the Burdwan coal-field in our comparison, for 

 it seems to lie in a" basin, and the carboniferous strata rise to the 

 surface without any superincumbent sandstone. But the connexion, 

 which cannot be established lithologicaily, may be rendered very 

 manifest by the evidence of fossils. Species of Trizygia, Vertebraria, 

 Glossopteris, and Pecoptetns are common to the shales of Burdwan 

 and those of the Mahadewas. And, although Dr. M'Clelland has 

 professedly figured no Phyllotheca, or Calamite, as he would nam.e it, 

 from Bengal, yet there can be little doubt that what he calls Poacites 

 minor y is identical, wanting the joint, with one of our Phyllothecas 

 found both at the Mahadewas and Kampti, and specifically distin- 

 guished by the possession of 8 sulci. I am not certain, though I am 

 disposed to think, that the Poacites muricataX of the same author 

 is the unfurrowed stem, with nearly opposite leaf-scars, described 

 above, p. 558, as common in the shale of Barkoi and the lami- 

 nated sandstone of Silewa^/a. The breadth and rigid appearance of 

 our specimens are exactly the same as in M'Clelland' s figure, and 

 there is occasionally on them a fine longitudinal striation ; which 

 might be taken for the venation of an endogenous leaf. 



Subjoined is the succession, from above, of our Indian Freshwater § 

 Oolitic Formation, according to the view taken in this paper. 



I. Upper Sandstone Series; called by Dr. Carter the " Pamtd 

 IPunnal Sandstone." 



In general, coarse and thick-bedded ; sometimes friable, and white, 

 variegated with red blotches ; at other times hard and of a rusty 

 colour, traversed by iron-bands. Contains a few stems of trees about 

 the base. Thickness at Nagpur 25 feet ; at the Mahadewa Hills 

 upwards of 2000 feet. 



II. Lar.zinated Series ; the same as Dr. Carter^ s '* Kattrd Shales.*' 



1. Either arenaceous, carbonaceous, or bituminous. The arena- 

 ceous strata more or less mixed with clay and mica ; laminated and 

 abounding in fossils above, and gradually becoming coarser, thicker- 

 bedded, and more destitute of organic remains below. The car- 

 bonaceous or bituminous shales are the equivalents of the laminated 

 fossiliferous sandstone just mentioned. Though occasionally alter- 

 nating with argillaceous limestone, they for the most part pass into 

 micaceous or coarse sandstone. Thickness from 300 feet, in the 

 Nagpur territor}^, to 2000 feet in Bengal. 



* Beng. Asiat. Soc. Journ. vol. vii. p. 843. 



t Geol. Survey, Tab. xvi. fig. 4, with the description at p. 55. 



t Ibid. Tab. xiv. fig. 6. 



§ I here say nothing of the OoUtic strata in Cutch, as they are obviously marine. 



