44 GEOLOGICAL MEMOIRS. 



On the Coal deposits at Marklin, Bohemia. By M. v. Lidl, 



[Proceedings of the Imp. Geol. Instit. Vienna, Jan. 9, 1855.] 



This deposit, in which sandstone predominates, is, Hke those of 

 Pilsen and Radnitz, of freshwater origin. The two latter, however, 

 belong to the grauwacke district, while that of Marklin is enclosed 

 on all sides by crystalline rocks (granite and clayslate). 



The extent of this coal-deposit, although worked simultaneously 

 by three mining companies, is still but imperfectly known. At 

 present two beds of pure coal, partially capable of coking, have been 

 opened to the depth of from 10 to 14 fathoms [= 20740 to 29-036 

 English yards]. Each bed is from 4 to 6 feet [= 4*148 to 6*222 

 English feetj thick, and they are separated from each other by a 

 shale, 3 feet thick [=3*111 English feet]. 



The upper bed of coal is overlaid by rolled pebbles, shales, sand- 

 stones with vegetable impressions (among them are many Calamites 

 and but few Ferns), and carboniferous oxide of iron [Kohlen-eisen- 

 stein]. At its eastern termination this sandstone contains two coal- 

 beds, scarcely exceeding a few inches in thickness. The lower coal- 

 bed rests on confusedly stratified shales, with Stigmuria roots, and 

 on sandstones, with subordinate beds of bluish-grey clay. 



The coal is reached by means of a pit, and worked by galleries and 

 pillars. The pumping and raising work is chiefly effected by human 

 labour ; one only of the companies having a good steam-engine. 

 The total product of the Marklin mines amounts to 400,000 and 

 more centners per annum [= 494*600 cwt. avoirdup.]. The coal is 

 in request from its cheapness and good quality, and is partly used in 

 the neighbourhood of the mines and in the industrial establishments 

 at Neugedlin, and is partly sent to Vienna and into Bavaria. 



[Count M.] 



On the Lead-bearing Rocks of Lower Carinthia. 

 By M. LiPOLD. 



[Proceedings of the Imp. Geol. Instit. Vienna, Jan. 23, 1855.] 



The lead-ores at Unterpetzen near Schwarzenberg, in Lower Carin- 

 thia, occur in light- coloured compact limestones, with conchoidal 

 fracture, which occupy the highest summits of the Petzen mountain - 

 range, and have a thickness of 1000 feet [= 1037 Enghsh feet] and 

 more. These limestones are divided into beds of one or more fathoms 

 in thickness, striking S.E. and N.W., and dipping N.E. at an angle 

 of from 40° to 50°. They repose on a great mass of dolomites, 

 partly bituminiferous, which are supposed to represent the Gutten- 

 stein-strata, as at some places they come out from beneath the red 

 Werfen-slates. 



The only plumbiferous stratum is one of inconsiderable thickness, 

 containing the galena in some parts sparsely interspersed, at others 

 in sufficient quantity to be extracted by means of stamping-mills. 

 The richest ore occurs in veins crossing the limestone bed in an 



