46 GEOLOGICAL MEMOIRS. 



The whole of the Carlsbad springs may be regarded as rising in 

 the fissures of this vein, — even the Sprudel, notwithstanding its 

 anomalous situation, indicative perhaps of a fault running along the 

 Alte Wiese and Neue Wiese, and deranging the regular course of 

 the vein. 



The author points out, in contradistinction to some recent obser- 

 vations, the notable differences between the fine-grained and the 

 coarse-grained granites, which closely approach each other near the 

 Bernhards-Brunnen. 



M. V. Warnsdorff considers that deep excavations in the neighbour- 

 hood of the upper limit of the vein would be very unadvisable, and 

 liable to occasion springs to burst through the clay-bed in inconve- 

 nient localities. On the other hand, supposing the vein to be con- 

 tinued downwards, immediately beneath the Homer-Berg, between 

 the older coarse-grained granite and the more recent fine-grained 

 granite, springs of very high temperature might be obtained at a 

 depth amounting to only three times the distance of this basaltic 

 mountain by shafts sunk through the fine-grained granite. A verti- 

 cal shaft would reach the vein at a depth of 120 fathoms [= 248*88 

 English yards] at the site of the Marksbrunnen ; at a depth of 70 

 fathoms [= 145*2 English yards] at the village of Klein- Versailles. 



[Count M.] 



On the Geology of the vicinity of Steierdorf, Banat. 



By M. J. KUDERNATSCH. 



[Proceed. Imp. Geolog. Instit. Vienna, March 6, 1855.] 



The rich coal-deposits of Steierdorf, in Banat, are known to belong 

 to the Liasic group. The old coal-formations were supposed to exist 

 in Banat exclusively in the condition of a small basin, amidst gneiss, 

 near Szekul, 1 Austrian mile [=4*714 English miles] from Reschitz ; 

 but M. J, Kudernatsch has recently discovered a powerful develop- 

 ment of genuine Carboniferous rocks in a nearly unknown region of 

 the Military Frontier, E. of Steierdorf. Rich layers of fine lignite, 

 of a pitch-like brightness, are found in the region called Almas, and 

 are as yet unworked. 



M. Kudernatsch met with in the liasic strata of Steierdorf a con- 

 siderable quantity of felsite-porphyries, the eruption of which was 

 probably contemporaneous with the deposition of the liasic shales, as 

 they break through the lower rocks and are stratified conformably 

 with the upper beds. 



The cretaceous table-lands around Steierdorf contain extensive 

 deposits of pisiform oxide of iron, originating from the decomposition 

 of marcasite. 



The range of massive crystalline rocks eastward of Steierdorf, form- 

 ing the central mass of the mountainous region of Banat, are com- 

 posed of large-grained pegmatite, granitite with a trace of potash- 

 mica, granitic gneiss, syenite, amphibolite, serpentine, granulite, &c. 

 The real granites, with potash-mica predominating, seem to be of 



