[Anxals X. Y. Acad. Sci.. A'ol. XXVI. pp. 149-174. 21 June, 1915] 



YOLCAXIC DrST VEILS AXD CLIMATIC YAEIATIOXS^ 



By Hexryk Arctowski 



(Presented in abstract before the Academy, 7 December, lOIJf) 



CONTEXTS 



Page 



Introduction 149 



Volcanic eruptions of the years 1883, 1902 and 1912 150 



l*ike s Peak temperature records 156 



Temperatures at Port Darwin and some other stations 158 



Temperatures at Fort-de-France, Martinique 162 



Temperatures at Para, Cayenne and the West Indies 164 



Temperatures observed in Alaska 166 



Temperature variations at Stockholm and Batavia 168 



Sun-spots and atmospheric temperature 169 



Conclusions 174 



IXTEODUCTIOX 



The series of overlapping 3'earlY means of temperature, expressed 

 graphically, show most characteristic crests and depressions. In the case 

 of tropical stations, in particnlar, the crests of the curves are very regular 

 and occur at intervals of two to three 3'ears,^ practically at the same time 

 all around the world. 



As a general result of a detailed study of the temperature data for the 

 years 1900-1909, for Europe, Greenland and jSTorth America, I have 

 found some striking correlations between these equatorial variations and 

 the more complicated variations of temperate and arctic regions.^ 



In another study of all available temperature data for the years 1891- 

 1900, I have shown that terrestrial atmosphere at the earth's surface 

 vras vrarmer in 1900 than in 1893 by at least 0.5 °C.^ On the maps 

 representing the geographical distribution of the departures of annual 

 means from the normals or from the cjuasi-normal values of ten-yearly 

 means, the areas of positive departures have been called thermopleions 



^ ^ranuscript i-eceived by the Editor, 4 Januaiy, 1015. 



- Hexrtk Arctowski : '"The Solar Constant and the Yariations of Atmospheric Tem- 

 perature at Arequipa and some other stations." Bull. Am. Geog. Soc., vol. 44, p. 598. 1912. 



3 Hexryk Arctowski : "A Study of the Changes in the Distribution of Temperature 

 in Europe and North America During the Years 1000 to 1909,' Annals X. Y. Acad. Sci.. 

 vol. 24, p. 39. 1914. 



■• Hexryk Arctowski : L'enchainement des variations climatiques. Bruxelles, 1909. 





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