Of) J. 



AVYJ^IS- JEW YORK ACADEMY OE >CIE\CE:< 



Europe. rDcluding those noted belc'W whicii came into Europe from 

 Africa. The contrary ::.t : i the relative geographic isolation of 

 Africa and Europe in Q^^iaier::::' ':inie5 originated with PomeF as the 

 result of his exhaustive revi'?^ ; : :_c entire fauna of north Africa. He 

 concludes that since the re^riL-ances between the European and north 

 African faunas are rare and often doubtful, the two continents were 

 for long periods separated by the Mediterranean Sea and Straits of 

 Gibraltar. 



Pig. 1. — Pleistocene, or Ice Ape 



A period of maximom total elevation facUitatlng free migrations and invasions of life, 

 c ulmin ating in the Glacial epoch, and foUowed by a prolonged depression. Portions of 

 northern Europe and the coasts of Xorth America greatly depressed. Then a period of 

 reelevation. Rearranged after W. D. Matthew. 1908. 



CUmatt. — A: the beginning of the Quaternary Period north Africa 

 was characterized by abundant rainfall which led to the formation of 

 great alluvial or flood-plaiu depositions. In the Barbary and Sahara 

 regions the life was closely similar to the grand plateau life of equatorial 

 Africa at the present rime., including elephants, rhinoceroses, zebras, 

 wild asses, giraffes, wild cattle, buffalo, antelopes. gazeUes, gnus, elands, 

 hippopotami, wart-hogs, lions and hyaenas. The presence of these ani- 



'PoMF.L A.; "Les Elephants Quatemaires." Carte Geol. Algerie. Paleont. Monogr. 

 Algiers. ISf'o. 



