254 



ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 



in Upper Pliocene times cold conditions began to manifest themselves 

 in the Pliocene Red Crag and continued "with increasing intensity during 

 the deposition of the post-Pliocene Chillesford and Weybourn Crags, 

 which mark a culminating time in which the sea abounded in Arctic 

 molluscs, and this may represent the first glacial stage in Britain. 



30 35 



Fig. 9. — Principal mammal deposits aud culture stations of the Pleistocene of Europe 



1. Forest Bed of Cromer (Norfolk). Sables de 2. St. Prest near Chartres (Eure-et- 

 Loire). 3. Malbattu (Puy-de-D6me). i. Peyrolles (Boucbes-du-Rhone). 5. Solhilac 

 near Puy. Clay deposits of 6. Durfort (Gard). 7. Cajarc (Lot-et-Garonne). 8. Val 

 d'Arno (Tuscany). 9. Leffe near Bergamo (Lombardy). 10. Rixdorf near Potsdam 

 (Brandenburg). Gravels of 11. Siissenborn near Weimar. Sands of 12. Mosbach in 

 northern Baden. Fresh-water deposits of 13. Clacton (Essex). Sands of Mauer near 

 14. Heidelberg (western Germany). 15. Chelles on the Marne, near Paris. 16. St, 

 Acheul (Somme). 17. Ilford and Grays Thurrock (Essex). Lignites of 18. Dilrnten 

 and of Utznach, near Zurich. 19. Taubach near Weimar. 20. Wildkirchli cave on Mont 

 Santis (eastern Switzerland). TufEs of 21. the Tiber Valley, near Rome. Caves of 22. 

 Neandertal, near Diisseldorf (western Germany), 23. Spy, near Amur (Belgium), 23a. 

 Krapina (Croatia), 24. Chapeile-aux-Saints (Correze). Caves and alluvial deposits of 

 25. Ternifine (or Palikao) near Oran (Algeria), 26. Pointe Pescade, near Algiers (Al- 

 geria). 27. Prince's Cave (Monaco). Sandy clays of 28. Voklinshofen (Alsace). 29. 

 Saalfeld (Saxe-Meiningen). Travertines, etc., of 30. Gera. .lena (Saxe-Weimar). 31. 

 Leipzig (Saxony). 32. Solutre. north of Lyons. Loess of 33. Wiirzburg (Bavaria). 34. 

 Thiede near Braunschweig (Prussia). Cave of 35. Montmaurin (Haute-Garonne). 36. 

 Chateauneuf-sur-Charente (Charente). Caves of 37. Schweizersbild near Schaffhausen, 

 and Kesslerloch near Thayngen (northern Switzerland). Remains of lake dwellings at 

 38. Wauwyl (Lucerne), 39. Robenhausen, south of Lake Pfaffikon, 40. Concise on Lake 

 Neuchatel (Switzerland). Peatbogs of 41. Hassleben. near Weimar. Travertines of 42. 

 Langensalza (Erfurt) in central Germany. Caves of the 43. Island of Malta, 44. Island 

 of Crete, 45. Island of Cyprus. 



