260 



ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF ,S('!ENCES 



cocchi of the Val d'Arno^ and a heavier type of horse, probably forest- 

 living. 



Cool estuarine conditions are represented by the presence of the walrus 

 (Tricliecodon) , the seal (Phoca) and the cormorant (Phalacrocorax) . 



The chief members of the mammalian assemblage of the First Inter- 

 glacial Stage in Britain and France are as follows : 



Soutberu elephants 



E. meridionalis (trogontherii) 

 Dicerorhine rhinoceroses 



D. etruscus 

 Primitive horses 



E. stenonis, E. caballus fossilis ? 

 Hippopotami 



H. major 

 Polycladine deer 



G. sedgwicki 

 Roe deer 



G. capreolus 

 Giant deer, Megaceros 



M. dawkinsi, M. verticornis 

 Primitive cattle 



Bos primigenius 

 Giant beaver 



Trogontheriuin cuvieri 

 Sabre tooth cats 



MacTicerodus ? cultridens 

 Wolverines or gluttons (in Great 

 Britain) 



Gulo liiscus 

 Bear of the Ursus arctos type 

 Otters and martens 

 Wolves and foxes 

 Walrus (in Great Britain) 



Tricliecodon Jiuxleyi 



(In Italy only) 

 Straight-tusked mammoths 



E. antiquus 

 (In France) 

 Bison 



Bison ? priscus 

 Stag 



Gervus elaphus 



mns {H. major), the giant beaver 

 the first remains attributed to the 



FIRST I^^TERGLACIAL OF FRANCE 



The Lower Pleistocene deposits of 

 France, which are approximately of 

 the same age as the Forest Bed (Nor- 

 folk), are those of St. Prest (near 

 Chartres), of Dnrfort (Gard), of 

 Solilhac (near Puy) and the re- 

 cently discovered phosphorite de- 

 posits of Cajarc (Lot-et-Garonne) 

 (Fig. 9, 7). All these beds are con- 

 sidered by Boule as of Upper Plio- 

 cene age; they are placed in the 

 transition period between Pliocene 

 and Pleistocene times by Harle and 

 Stehlin^^ as well as by Deperet (St. 

 Prestien). 



We are disposed to consider all 

 these deposits of approximately the 

 same age as the Forest Bed, namely, 

 Early Pleistocene. In none of them 

 have remains of primates, masto- 

 dons, tapirs' or other characteristic 

 Upper Pliocene mammals been 

 found. On the other hand, these 

 beds contain several forms surviving 

 from the Pliocene, such as the south- 

 ern mammoth (E. meridionalis), 

 the etruscan rhinoceros (D. etrus- 

 cus), a primitive species of horse 

 (E. stenonis), the giant hippopota- 

 (Trogontherium) . In France occur 

 bison {B. priscus). In Durfort was 



*iHARLfi, E., and Stehlix, H. G. : "Une Nouvelle Faune de Mammif&res des Phos- 

 phorites du Quercy." rCajarcl Bull. Soc. Geol. France, Ser. 4. Vol. IX, pp. 39-52. 1909. 



