276 ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 



Interglacial stage, by others (WTirm.®- 1913, p. 68) to the ^TTounger 

 Loess/^ that is, to the Fourth G-lacial or Postglacial Stage. 



CHELLEAIs' CULTURE WITH ANCIENT INTEEGLACIAL FAUNA 



In favor of the antiquity of the Chellean culture may be urged the fact 

 of its association in several localities (Torralba, Abbeville, Piltdown) 

 with the primitive mammals identified as Machcerodus, D. etruscus, 

 Equus stenonis. The specific identifications may be incorrect, but these 

 Pliocene species are characteristic of the Second Interglacial Stage and 

 are not certainly recorded in the Third Interglacial Stage of northern 

 Europe at least. For example, at Torralba, Province of Soria, Spain, 

 there has been discovered (Harle, 1910, p. 75) an old tj^pical Chellean 

 camping site containing abundant remains of D. mercMi and E. merid- 

 ionalis (trogontherii) mingled with remains of other mammals of prim- 

 itive type identified as Dicerorhinus etruscus and Equus stenonis. These 

 associations with Chellean remains tend to support the theory that the 

 Chellean culture began during the Second Interglacial Stage. Another 

 very ancient fauna associated with very primitive Chellean or pre- Chel- 

 lean implements is that found near Abbeville, Gisement de Champ de 

 Mars.^^ Beside typical members (such as E. antiquus, E. meridionalis 

 trogontherii, and D. merckii) of warm Second Interglacial times this 

 fauna is said to contain such primitive types as Trogontherium, D. 

 etruscus, Equus stenonis, also very numerous specimens of Machcerodus 

 and Hycena hrevirostris. 



We cannot fully agree with Schmidt (1912) when he observes that the 

 faunal separation of the Acheulean and Chellean is not so marked that 

 we are obliged to separate these cultures by a long period of time. 



EAUXA OE THE PYREXEES, CANTABRIAN ALPS, SPAIN AND PORTUGAL ^^ 



The entire warm fauna characteristic of Germany, Great Britain and 

 France also penetrated the Cantabrian Alps, Spain and Portugal as far 

 south as Gibraltar. 



A macaque (Macacus) related to the Algerian species occurs in the 

 grotto of Montsaune (Haute Garonne) associated with the hysena (H. 



s^WuRM^ A.: "tjber eine Neuantdeckte Steppenfauna von Mauer an der Elsenz (bel 

 Heidelberg)." Jabresber. u. Mitt. d. Oberrhein. geoL Vereihs, N. P., Bd. Ill, Heft 1, 

 pp. 62-78, pi. vi. 1913. 



^ D'AULT DU Mesxil, G. : "Note sur le Terrain Quaternaire des Environs d'Abbe- 

 ville." Revue Mensuelle de I'ficole d'Antbropologie de Paris, VI year, pp. 285-296. 

 1896. 



** Harl£j Edoiard : "Les mammiferes et oiseaux quaternaires connus jusqu'ici en 

 Portugal. Memoires suivi d'une liste g^nerale de ceux de la Peninsule Ib^rique." Com- 

 mun. du Service G6ol. du Portugal, T. viii, pp. 22-85, pll. I-V. 1910. 



