* 



286 -l-VyjJ..S XEW YORK ACJJ)EMY OF ^CIEycES 



mains of forests of Third Interglacial age similar to those which still 

 floTirish in the same r^on, consisting of spmce, &r. mountain pine, 

 larch; birches, yews and sycamores with nndergrowth of hazel. Thes^ 

 iignitic deposits rest npon the remains of a retreating glacier and are in 

 inm covered with those of another glacier and are therefore iatergla- 

 cial."® With this hardy flora are associated remains of Elephas antiquus^^ 

 D. 'i, the nrus and the stag. 



Fauna. — ^The mammalian fanna is broadLy divided into: first, the 

 irarm African- Asiatic, which disappears from Enrope at the :!:se of the 

 Third Interglacial Stage; second, the Enrasiatic Forest Faiii^a, in which 

 we now include the nrns (B. primigenius) and the bison (B. priscus) : 

 third, the Tindra Fanna, which retreats after the Third Glacial Stage 

 to :e e r ":^th the approach of the Fonrth Glacial Stage, when the 

 full tide 01 Tundra life, inclnding fifteen species of mammals and birds, 

 and the advance wave of Steppe life, inclnding nine species of mflTmnals 

 and bird?, drs: arrive in Enrope. The chief localities in which the fanna 

 15 recoriei are the following: 



^arm Stage. Chfttes.-"" St. Achetx, valley of the Somme. norrhem France. 



Warm Fauna. 



Grays Tht^eock and Iltord. Essex. England. Warm Fauna. 



Gool Stage. Taubach-Wdmab-Ehrixgsdorf-Ache^shktm, Germany. Acheu~ 



U'tip >f.i ■^:, Temperare Fauna. 



DuaxTZ>'. UrzvACH. near Ziiricli. Switzerland (cool flora» 



fauna). 

 LiviSTE. Aygelades. rraverrines. Marseilles. France iiiorai. 

 Krapizta (cavern of). Croatia r fauna and human remains », 

 Cold Stage. RiXDOBr. near Berlin. Cold fauna. 



p:itdo"v\- ^iav. eoavthbopus dawsoni 



Fragments of a skull and jaws discovered by Dawson in 1911 near 

 Piltdown, Snssex, have been des; ' t" - Dawson and Smith Wood- 

 ward- ^^ They were associated in a nuviaiile sand layer with a single 

 pre-Chellean flint and remains of deer ( ? deer) , rhinoceros (D. eiruscus 

 or D. merckii), beaver (Castor fiber), and hippopotamns. The geologic 

 age is not positively determined by the fanna nor by the nature of the 

 river gravel deposits in which these specimens were fonnd. The associa- 



■^ Dawkixs.. W. B- : "Classification of the Tertiary Period by Means of the Mam- 

 malia." Qaart. Jour. GeoL Soc, Vol. xxx], pp. 379-405. Aug., 1880. 



*The Chellean culture is placed by Penck and Geikie in the Second Interglacial Stage. 



^Dawsox, Ch... Smith- Woodward. A.. Smith. G. Elliot: "On the Discovery of a 

 Pals?olltiilc Human Skull and Mandible in a Flint-bearing Gravel Overlying the Wealden 

 (Hastings Beds) at Piltdown. Fletchiag i Susses*. With an Appendix t>y Prof. Grafton 

 Elli .: Smith." Quar. Jour. Geo!- Soc. Vol. 6?*. pp. 117-151. Pis. XV XXT. I»ndon. 191.3. 



