OSBORX. REVIEW OF THE PLEISTOCENE 



301 



Localities 

 Kesslekloch Cave, near Tliaingen (Fig. 9, 37) 

 ScHWEizERSBiLD Cave. near Schaffbauseu (37) 

 Scattered deposits in Tburingia. in nortbern Germany, 



Saalfeld, Gera, Jeua, Leipzig (29. 30. 31) 

 WuRZBURG, Bavaria, Loess deposits (33) 

 SwABiA and Franconia, cave deposits 

 VoKLiNSHOFEN, Alsace (28) 



Montmauein Cave (Haute-Garonue), Upper levels (35) 

 ChAtealxeuf-sxjr-Charente (Cbarente) (36) 



Culture Zones 

 Magdalenian Stage 

 Magdalenian Stage 

 Anrignacian and Solu- 

 trean Stages 



Solutrean Stage 

 Anrignacian and Solu- 

 trean Stages 

 ]N[agdalenian Stage 



The large mammals of the period are more fully known than in any 

 previous Pleistocene stage both through palseontological researches, which 

 date back to the beginnings of the science of vertebrate palaeontology in 

 Germany and France, and through the extraordinarily accurate carvings 

 and drawings in the caverns of Dordogne and northern Spain. These 

 drawings have been reproduced with remarkable fidelity, chiefly by 

 Breuil.®^ The chief elements in the larger mammal fauna were as fol- 

 lows: 



Forest and Meadow Fauxa 

 Moose, Alces palmatus 

 Persian deer, Cervus maral 

 Red deer, Capreolus capreolus 

 Roedeer, Cervus elaphus 

 Wild cattle. Bos primigenius 

 Bison, Bison priscus 

 Forest horse. Equus cahallus 

 Bear, Ursus spelwus 

 Lion, Felis lea spelcea 

 Brown bear, Ursus arctos 

 Wild boar, Sus scrofa 



Tundra Fauna 



Woolly rhinoceros, Diceros antiqui- 



tatis 

 Woolly elephant, Elephas prtmigenhis 

 Musk ox, Ovibos moschatus 

 Reindeer, Rangifer tarandus 

 Arctic fox, Vulpes lagopus 

 Elasmothere, Elasmotherium s/&m- 

 cum 



Schweizer,'<hild Cave (Fig. 9. 

 37). — The Magdalenian, or rein- 

 deer man apparently arrived in 

 the Schaffhausen region long 

 after the maximum Fourth da- 

 ciation, during the Biihl advance, 

 the period of deposition of the 

 "Upper Eodenf hiyer with its 

 cold Arctic and Steppe fauna. 

 The deposits of the Schweizers- 

 bild cave as recorded by l^eh- 

 ring^^ present the fullest succes- 

 sion and extend over a ver}^ loi^g 

 period of time as exhibited in the 

 following layers : 



Neolithic : 



.">. Grav culture layer, forest fauna. 



•'"See publications of Abbe TTenri Breuil. Marcellin Boule. Le Comte Begoiien. P. 

 Bourvinet. L. Capitau. Kmile Cartailhac. I.alanne. Lartet and Christy. Dechelette. Hneo 

 Obermaier, P^yrony, Reinaeb. Others are in preparation. 



91 Nehring, a. : "ubersicht liber vierundzwanzig niitteleuropaische QuartSr-Faunen." 

 Zeitschr. Deutsch. Geol. Ges.. pp. 468-509. 1880. 



: "Die kleineren Wirbeltiere vom SchM'eizersbild bei Schaffhausen,*' Denkschr. 



allg. schweiz. Ges. gesam. Naturwiss., Vol. xxxv, pp. 41-77. 1806. 



