413 ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 



Henry Fairfield Osborn, Men of the Old Stone Age. 



Eeview of the Pleistocene of Europe^ 



Asia and Northern Africa.- (Eead by 



title.) 

 J. H. MacGregor, New Restorations of Prehistoric Men: 



Pithecanthropus, Piltdown, Xeandkr- 



THAL, Cro-Magnon. 



Summary of Papers 



Professor Osborn summarized the chief results of his synthetic work 

 on the early history of man in Europe, in which he had enjoyed the co- 

 operation of many archaeologists, anatomists and geologists. He outlined 

 the geological, climatic and faunal history of Europe during the Pleisto- 

 cene, with special reference to the palaeolithic stages, exhibiting a large 

 chart, which had been prepared in collaboration with Dr. C. A. Reeds, 

 illustrating the successive advances and retreats of the glaciers and the 

 corresponding succession of mammalian faunas and races of man. 



Illustrations of the skeletal remains of the palaeolithic races were passed 

 in review and the chief characters of each race noted. 



Professor MacGregor exhibited his remarkably life-like series of busts 

 of prehistoric men and a corresponding series of skull models, which had 

 been reconstructed from casts of the original specimens. The skull re- 

 constructions had been made with careful consideration of all available 

 evidence from comparative anatomy and palaeontology. After completing 

 each skull model, the flesh was restored at many points, the . thickness 

 being determined from the well known results of dissection of recent 

 human subjects. 



The facial characteristics of each race, so far as they could be inferred 

 from the skull structure, were described. 



Doctor Hrdlicka, in discussing the papers of Professors Osborn and 

 MacGregor, held that the La Ferassie remains were intermediate in char- 

 acter between Homo neandertlialensis and H. sapiens and indicated a 

 transition from one to the other. 



Professor Osborn, in reply, expressed his opinion that the Neander- 

 thaloids were not ancestral to the higher type. • 



The Section then adjourned. 



William K. Gregory, 



Secretary. 



* Published In the Annals, Vol. XXVI, pp. 21-5-315. 30 July, 1915. 



