RECORDS OF MEETINGS 417 



five religious situations, the most of which are found in an}^ order of 

 worship of Protestant churches. The subjects were asked to imagine 

 themselves in each of these situations and then to arrange them in the 

 order of their merit for pure pleasure. After this arrangement had been 

 made, they were asked to arrange the same material a second time for its 

 religious value — religious value being defined as ^'communion with God.'^ 

 Then still a third arrangement was made for moral value. Fifty students 

 in Union Theological Seminary judged this material in each of these 

 three ways. 



The most significant features of the investigations may be summed up 

 under the following heads : 



1). The fact that fifty judges judged these situations without com- 

 plaining that it could not be done would seem to indicate that if a suffi- 

 cient number of competent judges could be obtained it would be possible 

 to derive a scale for measuring the relative values of religious and moral 

 situations. 



3). By having the same material judged according to three different 

 criteria we are able to analyze a given situation and to determine its 

 moral, religious and sesthetic value. 



3 ) . The experiment shows that on the whole this is a very satisfactory 

 method of defining and bringing out of obscurity what we mean when we 

 talk in such vague terms about the "values of life." 



Mr. Horton said in abstract: The question here considered is whether 

 dream interpretations shall represent the state of the dreamer's mind or 

 the mere fancy of the interpreter. Criticism is directed at the aprioristic 

 and oftentimes hit-or-miss practises of the Vienna and Ziirich schools of 

 psychoanalysis. 



For illustration, a simple dream is interpreted by the current methods 

 of psychoanalysts. First, according to the "reductive method'' of Freud, 

 it is made out as symbolizing an infantile and sexual wish-fulfilment, ex- 

 pressing a ''voyeur" component of the Libido. Secondly, the dream is 

 reinterpreted by Jung's "constructive method,'' so as to gloss over the 

 gross Freudian phallicism. It is now made to mean that the dreamer is 

 impelled to higher biological duties, namely, marriage and professional 

 success. 



The plausibility of these interpretations once shown, they are next 

 proved wide of the mark, by the fact that the dream can be more ade- 

 quately accounted for in another way — i. e., by a proposed "reconstitu- 

 tive method." 



This method aims to "reconstitute" the dream-thought (both imaged 

 and imageless) by tracing the wave of nervous excitation from its origin 



