ON THE MOSQUITOS OF MACEDONIA. 5 



temporary pools at the sides of the Vardar. At the end of August paleslinensis was 

 common near Sakavca and round Wessex Bridge on the Struma, but owing to the 

 very thorough sanitary measures that had been put into operation it was practically 

 certain that the river itself must be the source of these mosquitos. After some 

 searching, larvae at different stages and pupae were procured by dipping in the water 

 behind the piles of the bridge. As the larvae increased in number after a week, eggs 

 must have been taken up with the water. In the stream itself larvae were found 

 right in the current, hanging on to snags on the sheltered side. It is unlikely that 

 these larvae had been swept into the main stream from tributaries, for August was 

 a period of excessive drought, during which many streams disappeared and others 

 became a series of shallow pools, any movement of the water being underground. 



Anopheles sinensis, Wied. 



Anopheles sinensis, Wiedemann, Aussereurop. Zweifl. Ins., i, p. 547 (1828). 



Anopheles pseudopictus, Grassi, Atti R. Acad. Lincei Rendic., viii, 1, p. 102 (1899). 



Although occasionally taken at some distance from standing water, this is 

 ■essentially a lacustrine breeder, two of its strongholds being in Lakes Ardzan and 

 Amatovo. Major Bissett first showed it to us from The Pond near Ardzan village, 

 and during the summer it occurred in various localities from Spankovo to Karasouli. 

 At the latter station I found that sinensis occurred most plentifully on evenings 

 when there was a gentle S.E. breeze. On some nights it failed to put in an appearance 

 at all, though other Culicines and Anophelines occurred. The specimens taken were 

 chiefly females. 



The larva of this species was not found till 10th October, when large numbers were 

 seen at the top of Ardzan below Galavanci. At intervals during the next three weeks 

 the Ardzan and Amatovo area was explored and four to five hundred larvae from 

 various places were reared. Less than 5 per cent, produced m,aculipennis, the rest 

 were sinensis. Some notes on the larval haunts may be given. Except below 

 Dragomir, Lake Ardzan shows a broad fringing belt of dense high reeds (Arundo 

 phragmites). This belt expands at the top end of the lake, and elsewhere it varies 

 in depth, being broken in places by one or two lagoon-like pools which lead by 

 wandering channels to the main lake. Towards Amatovo the reed-beds merge with 

 the vegetation clothing the marshy land between the lakes. The west side of Amatovo 

 shows similar reed-beds to those of Ardzan, the east bank being generally clearer. 



Opposite Dragomir the lake shore is gravelly or muddy, but clear of vegetation, 

 and here neither Anopheline nor Culicine larvae could be found in the lake in- 

 shore, nor, when a boat had been procured, did the lake itself and the lagoons in the 

 reed-beds opposite prove more remunerative. Great areas of the reed-beds towards 

 the clear deep water were equally barren. The strongholds of the larvae lay in-shore, 

 as a rule in quite shallow water. Below Galavanci they swarmed along the sides of 

 a lane of water between the shore and the reed-beds, here 30-50 yards distant. 

 Broken reed stems and other drift lined the shore, and amongst this drift, or in the 

 little pockets which it cut off along the lake edge, the larvae occurred. In some 

 places the roots of Arundo, Typha and a species of water lily formed a solid floating 

 raft in whose interstices larvae were abundant. In reeds one found them again, 



