114 CHAS. K. BKAIN. 



which entirely surround the smaller twigs of the host-plant. In one lot of material 

 from Namaqualand the scales are dull black in colour, owing to the collection of 

 " sooty " fungus which covers entirely both scales and twigs. 



Adult $, when dry, dark brown in colour, larger than 0. socialis ; the average 

 length being 1*8-2 mm. The body, when cleared, is broadly rounded in front and 

 tapers gradually towards the posterior end. The integument is but slightly chitinised, 

 except the mouth-parts, legs, antennae and thickened portions of the pseudo-pygidium, 

 which appear yellowish brown. The general body surface is finely stippled, and 

 is not rugose, as is the case in socialis. The antennae are 3- jointed ; the basal 

 segment long, and often appearing divided towards the base (figs. 816, 81c). Legs 

 stout and moderately long, extending well beyond the margin of the body, similar 

 to those of socialis, i.e., without tibio-tarsal articulation. The clear spaces surrounding 

 the eyes, which are so conspicuous in the Ceylon species already mentioned (fig. 80a), 

 are not noticeable in this species, but a close examination reveals two areas, similar 

 in shape, but closer together and situated somewhat further back from the front 

 margin, at the level of the mouth-parts. These are of about the same, or slightly 

 intensified, density as the surrounding integument, with the eyes noticeably denser 

 in the centre. The characters of the pseudo-pygidium are illustrated in the accom- 

 panying figures (figs. 81, 81a). The compound, circular, marginal glands of socialis 

 are absent, and the compressed, oval gland openings are more numerous. On the 

 margin of the anterior part of the body, between the position of legs i. and ii., there 

 is a rounded protuberance (fig. lid), and a submarginal series of long hairs. 



Habitat: On melkbosch (Euphorbia sp.), Concordia, Namaqualand; collected 

 by Mr. Krapohl. 



Collection Nos. : 13 and 14. 



Sub-family Diaspinae. 



Anal ring hairless. Adult $ without legs and with rudimentary antennae. The 

 terminal abdominal segments are + united into a definite pygidium. Adult 

 $ beneath a separate covering scale which is composed of secretionary matter plus 

 the exuviae. 



The insects comprising this sub-family show considerable variation in form, 

 character of the scales, etc., and this accounts for the large number of genera and 

 sub-genera which have been made to accommodate them. Several attempts have 

 been made to classify them in a more or less natural or phylogenetic manner, as, for 

 instance, the arrangement of Leonardi in 1898, and particularly that of Lindinger 

 in 1907. As none of the schemes so far propounded seems entirely satisfactory, 

 I refrain from making use of any one of them in dealing with South African Coccids 

 only, as such a course would necessitate either many unavoidable gaps or the 

 inclusion of a large amount of material which is undesirable in such a work as this. 

 A really workable classification of the Coccidae must be a work of the future, when 

 more forms have been discovered and more complete collections assembled. 



The chief specific characters used for the determination of the Diaspinae are 

 found in the pygidium of the adult female. These may be given more or less in the 

 order of their importance in the following way : — (1) Number and character of lobes : 

 (2) number and character of plates ; (3) number and arrangement of circumgenital 



