116 CHAS. K. BRAIN. 



(2) $ scale usually capsular ; pygidium with elongated paraphyses ; plates variable 



sometimes absent ; pygidium without embossed design on dorsum 



Chrysomphalus. 



(3) Similar to Chrysomphalus, except that the pygidium has embossed design on 



dorsum ; body usually wine-red in living insect, often with deep articulation 

 between the cephalothorax and abdomen ; plates usually simple. 



Pseudaonidia. 



(4) $ scale with exuviae curved over to one side, giving the scale a distinct shell- 



like appearance ; body deep purple ; plates cleft and + spoon-like. 



Furcaspis, 

 CC. Adult $ enclosed in second pellicle. 



(5) As in Aspidiotus series, except that the $ is enclosed in 2nd pellicle but for 



the pygidium, which protrudes . . . . . . Cryptaspidiotus. 



(6) $ scale composed almost entirely of the large second pellicle with little or no 



secretionary covering ; pygidium with definite lobes and plates Aonidia. 



(7) As in Aonidia, except that the pygidium is without definite lobes or plates. 



Gymna.spis. 

 BB. Exuviae of $ overlapping and placed near or at the anterior end of the scale ; 

 ■$ scale broadly elliptical or elongate and narrow. 



(8) $ scale broadly elliptical, 2nd pellicle large with + secretionary covering ; 



pygidium with a continuous marginal series of broad fimbriated plates 

 and with wide marginal glands, whose openings are at right angles to long 

 axis of body. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Parlatoria. 



(9) $ scale long and narrow ; pygidium of $ without embossed design on dorsum ; 



plates simple ; circumgenital glands usually in 5 groups ; <$ pupariurn 

 similar to $ scale but smaller ; the posterior part with a hinge-like flap. 



Lepidosaphes. 



(10) $ scale very long and very narrow, thread-like ; pygidium of $ with a large 



embossed patch on dorsum ; circumgenital glands in 3 or 5 groups. 



Ischnaspis. 

 AA. <$ pupariurn usually white and usually unlike the $ scale in texture ; always 

 unlike it in form, being narrow with nearly parallel sides, in some cases 

 uni- to tri-carinate. 

 B. Adult $ not enclosed in second pellicle. 



(11) $ scale + circular or slightly elongate ; circumgenital glands usually in 5 



groups ; exuviae central or slightly to one side, but within the margin ; 

 plates usually simple and dagger-like, rarely branched at tips. 



Diaspis series. 



(12) $ scale usually buried beneath the outer layers of bark of host-plant ; 



pygidium strengthened by two clubbed thickenings which extend backward 

 from median lobes ; plates few in number, simple, blunt . . Howardia. 



(13) $ scale usually elongate, often broadened behind, usually white ; exuviae 



anterior ; circumgenital glands absent or present ; plates usually simple 

 and dagger-like. . . . . . . . . . . Chionaspis series. 



